摘要:

Abstract.The surface of the human red blood cell is dominated by a small number of abundant blood group active proteins. The major proteins are the anion transport protein (band 3) which has AB(H) activity, and Glycophorin A which has MN activity. Band 3 and Glycophorin A are of equal abundance in the normal red cell membrane (approximately 106copies of each) and the two proteins may associate together as a complex. The glucose transporter (band 4.5) has AB(H) activity and there are about 5 times 105copies/red cell. Several polypeptides associate together to form the Rh complex. The major components of this complex (abundance 1–2 times 105copies/red cell) are polypeptides of Mr30,000, polypeptides of Mr45,000–100,000 and Glycophorin B. The antigens of the Rh blood group system appear to be associated with the polypeptides of Mr30,000 and those of Mr45,000–100,000 (the latter also express AB(H) activity). Glycophorin B expresses the blood group ‘N’ antigen and the Ss antigens. Glycophorins C and D carry the Gerbich antigens and, together, these polypeptides comprise approximately 105copies/red cell. The complete protein sequence of all the above‐mentioned proteins is known, except for the Mr30,000 and Mr45,000–100,000 polypeptides of the Rh complex for which only partial sequences are available, and Glycophorin D, the sequence of which can be inferred from that of Glycophorin C. Several of the minor blood group active proteins at the red cell surface (abundance<1.2 times 104/red cell) have been the subject of recent studies. The polypeptide expressing Cromer‐related blood group antigens has been identified as decay‐accelerating factor and that carrying the Ina/Inbantigens as CD44. The protein sequence of both of these proteins has been deduced form nucleotide sequencing. The polypeptides expressing Kell antigens, Lutheran antigens, Fy antigens, and LW antigens have also been identified and partia

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.An immunoaffinity process based on monoclonal antibody (MAb) to factor IX (FIX) has been developed. Initially, vitamin‐K‐dependent proteins from cryoprecipitate‐poor plasma are isolated on DEAE‐Sephadex. The eluate is applied to an immunoaffinity column that utilizes a divalent metal‐ion‐dependent MAb directed against FIX. After washing the column with high salt in the presence of magnesium ion, the FIX is eluted using a citrate‐ or EDTA‐containing buffer. Coagulation assays and Western blots show no detectable amounts of any contaminating proteins. Purity of the FIX product is established using reduced and nonreduced Coomassie‐stanined SDS‐PAGE and HPLC. The N‐terminal 20 amino acids of the single peak of the HPLC were shown to be identical to those reported for FIX. The process shows no detectable leakage of monoclonal antibodies (MAb), efficient utilization of MAb, and provides yields greater than 95%. The use of solvent/detergent treatment as a potential viral inactivation method is incorporated in the process. Studies with tritiated Triton X‐100 indicate that the detergent can be washed out of the MAb column so that less than 1 ppm (total) Triton X‐

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The molecular‐weight distribution of proteins in factor VIII concentrates has been analysed by fast‐protein liquid chromatography. The proportion of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) aggregates in one product increased on freeze‐drying and heating, with fibrinogen and fibronectin being the main protein components of the HMW peak. In all other concentrates, the HMW peak was less than or equal to 5% of the total protein content and there were no differences in HMW content according to purity or method of viral ina

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A simplified passive haemagglutination (PHA) screening test, an improved quantitative PHA assay, and a stable test cell preparation are described, as well as a comprehensive testing strategy which have been used in concert at this Service over the past 10 years for the successful accession of high‐titre tetanus anti‐toxin (TAT) plasma for fractionation into human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG). The sequential deployment of the screening and quantitative assays, has permitted large numbers of donors to be screened quickly and economically, and has helped establish a significant core of regular donors with high TAT levels. The assays have proven to be highly sensitive and specific and relatively simple to perform, while the coated cells are inexpensive and easily prepared. Approximately 20% of donors screened from the Sydney metropolitan area had TAT levels of 3 IU/ml or grea

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Platelet concentrates (PC), prepared by platelet apheresis, were stored in four different types of blood bags. One of the bags, manufactured with a thinner PVC film than previously, was tested in three different bag volumes. From 25 donors a total number of 99 PC were prepared. Platelet numbers varied from 20 to 140 times 109platelets per bag. The cell count, pH, pO2, pCO2and lactate were determined initially and on days 1,3 and 5 of storage. In a separate test, the oxygen diffusion capacity of the bags was determined by oxidation of sodium sulfite in the presence of cobaltous chloride. The oxygen diffusion capacity found was 16 (PL 732, 300 ml), 13.5 (Teruflexa 800 ml), 11.5 (PL 1240, 400 ml), 10.6 (Teruflexa 600 ml), 9 (Teruflexa 400 ml) and 4 (PL 146, 300 ml) umol O2/h, respectively. For each bag type, the minimum and maximum platelet number stored with maintained pH levels (6.9–7.4) was defined. The maximum platelet number stored with maintained aerobic metabolism, correlated to the oxygen diffusion capacity of the bag, r = 0.998, p<0.001, n = 6; thus the maximum platelet number successfully stored for 5 days in each container can be predicted by determination of the oxygen diffusion capacity. In PC with a low platelet yield, pH values above 7.4 were observed after 1 and 3 days. When the results are compared with platelet yield data from routine blood banking, the optimal bags for platelet storage can be chosen. These conclusions must be further investigated in studies in viv

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia (ANT) may cause intracranial haemorrhage in utero as well as at delivery. Recent management has concentrated on attempts to minimise fetal thrombocytopenia and prevent its complications. This report describes further experience with the use of repeated intravascular transfusions of compatible platelets in utero. The patient studied had already had one infant with intracranial haemorrhage due to ANT. In her next pregnancy, weekly intra‐uterine platelet transfusions were given from 26 weeks, but intra‐uterine death occurred at 30 weeks after the mother had a heavy fall. In her most recent pregnancy, weekly intravascular transfusions of platelets were given by cordocentesis from 29 to 34 weeks. The fetal platelet count was maintained above 30 times 109/1 for almost all of the last 6 weeks of pregnancy before delivery of a normal infant by Caesarean section at 35 weeks' gestation. This approach is effective in preventing severe fetal thrombocytopenia in the last trimester of pregnancy and is contrasted with alternative treatments of ANT. Further data are required to determine the efficacy and risks of these treatme

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We present the results of tests carried out to detect alloimmunization against red cells in 1,200 patients (607 males and 593 females), transfused and followed up during the period 1981–1987 in our hospital. Of these patients, 1,135 were thalassemic and 65 had sickle cell/β‐thalassemia. In 162 patients who Received: blood matched for the ABO, rhesus and Kell systems from their first transfusion, the immunization rate was very low (3.7%). In a pilot group consisting of 83 patients with the same clinical characteristics, who Received: blood matched only for the ABO and Rh‐D antigens, there was a significant difference in the frequency of alloantibodies (15.7%, p<0.001). Of 1,038 patients who Received: blood only matched for ABO and Rh‐D 244 (23.5%) with one or more red cell alloantibodies were identified. Of these 1,038 patients, 973 were exclusively thalassemic. In 220 (22.6%) of them, alloantibodies were found. The sickle cell β‐thalassemia patients presented alloantibodies with a higher frequency (36.9%, 24/65). Only one antibody was found in 114 patients (51.8%) and two or more in 106 patients (48.2%). The alloimmunization significantly concerned the rhesus (34.0%) and Kell (29.8%) systems. Anti‐Kell was most often identified (28.5%). Alloimmunization appears considerably lower in patients in whom blood transfusion is started before the age of 3 than in those in whom it is started after that age (20.9 vs. 47.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Immunoblots of red cell membranes stained with eluates of alloanti‐Auaand alloanti‐Aubshow that these antibodies recognize 2 membrane components from Au(a+) and Au(b+) cells, respectively. These structures, of apparent molecular weight (Mr) 79,000 and 85,000, are identical in appearance and mobility on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel to the Lutheran glycoproteins identified by alloanti‐Lub. Like the Lutheran glycoproteins, they showed a reduction in apparent Mrof about 1,500 after sialidase treatment. Red cell membrane components immunoprecipitated by a Lutheran‐related monoclonal antibody, were analysed with Lutheran and Auberger antibodies by immunoblotting. The Lutheran glycoproteins were revealed by anti‐Lubin precipitates from Au(a+b‐) Lu(a‐b+) and Au(a‐b+) Lu(a‐b+) cells, by anti‐Auain precipitates from Au(a+b‐) Lu(a‐b+) cells and by anti‐Aubin precipitates from Au(a‐b+) Lu(a‐b+) cells. The same components were also recognized by anti‐Luain precipitates from Lu(a+b‐) cells. Thus Auaand Aubantigens appear to be carried on the same red cell membrane structures as those carrying the Lutheran determinants. These results are particularly significant in the light of the very close phenotypic association between the Auberger and Lutheran blood groups which have been shown, by one family, to be con

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The salivary ABH and Lewis antigens of Polynesians were measured using a standardised red cell agglutination microplate assay and compared with the red cell defined Lewis phenotypes. Salivary ABH substances were detected in almost all saliva samples tested, with low levels (partial secretion) of ABH substances in the saliva from Le(a+b‐) and Le(a+b+) individuals. Salivary Lebsubstance was detected in all Le(a‐b+) and Le(a+b+) samples and in almost all Le(a+b‐) samples. It is evident from the results obtained that Polynesian red cell phenotypes cannot be used to predict the presence or absence of salivary substances.If the presence of a coding secretor gene is presumed responsible for salivary ABH antigens and salivary Lebantigen expression, then the incidence of a coding secretor gene in Polynesians is 98%. These results indicate that the recessive non‐secretor gene is absent or rare in a Polynesian derived gene pool. Two variants of secretor individuals are found among Polynesians, secretors with expression of normal amounts of the product of the secretor gene, similar to Caucasians, and partial secretors with weak expression of the secretor gene p

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1990.tb02058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY