摘要:

Abstract.This article summarizes the physicochemical data on the factors which compose the properdin system in guinea pig and man. The following other topics are discussed: (1) Activation of the properdin system; (2) Formation of the initiating and amplification C3 convertases; (3) Formation of the C5 convertase, and (4) Regulatory control mechanisms of the properdin system.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.One‐step immunization of guinea pigs with homogeneous immunoglobulins partly purified by micro‐agar electrophoresis represents a rapid and reliable microtechnique for the preparation of antisera against the idiotype of the homogeneous immunoglobulins. Testing of these antisera by immunodiffusion techniques requires agar plates containing 3% polyethyleneglycol 6

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The serum of 2 patients suffering from autoimmune neutrophil granulocytopenia contained autoantibodies that were directed against a new granulocyte‐specific antigen. Genetic analysis showed that this new antigen was not correlated with the already known neutrophil antigens NA1, NA2, NB1, NC1or 9a. This was studied in a four‐generation family. In the Dutch population the frequency of the antigen, tentatively called ND1, is 98.5% (n = 67), pointing to a gene frequency of 0

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.To increase purity and potency of the antihemophilic factor (AHF) concentrate prepared by the American Red Cross method, the following modifications were introduced: (1) A cold extraction step was incorporated to remove cold‐soluble impurities. The cryopre‐cipitate (cryo) was extracted with 0.02MTris buffer, pH 7.0 (4 ml/g cryo) at 0°C. Factor VIII loss in this step was negligible. (2) AHF was then recovered from the cold‐insoluble portion of the cryo by extraction at 21°C with the same buffer. To increase the AHF concentration, this second extraction step was carried out with a smaller buffer volume (2 ml instead of 3–4 ml/g cryo). The subsequent steps, deprothrombinization, filtration and lyophilization were essentially unchanged. To further increase factor VIII concentration, the dried AHF concentrate was reconstituted to 40 rather than 50% of the initial volume. AHF concentrate prepared on a large scale by this method was 20‐ to 30‐fold concentrated and 40‐ to 50‐fold purified over plasma at a recovery of about 250 factor VIII units per liter of plasma. The final product was readily soluble, clear and almost colorless up

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In 5 patients of phenotype ccDEe or ccDEE, the transfusion of 2–14 U of expositive blood was followed 5–9 days later by haemoglobinuria lasting 2–4 days. Anti‐C was the only antibody present in all 5 cases but was always of low titre; with CC cells the maximum titre recorded with the indirect antiglobulin test was 8 and with the agglutination of enzymetreated cells, 128. The discordance between the weakness of the antibodyin vivoand the amount of haemoglobin released intravascularly is surprising but may be related to the type of IgG molecule of which anti‐C is

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Factor VIII‐related properties (coagulant = VIII: C, ‘Willebrand’ factor = VIII R: WF, antigen = VIII R: AG) are measured in a constant proportion in normal plasma and certain preparations of highly purified factor VIII (relative ratios: 0.5‐1.5). We tested these activities in some commercial, lyophilised concentrates of factor VIII and found a variable increase of the ratio VIII R: AG/V1II R: WF. The relative increase of VIII R: AG, and/or loss of VIII R: WF, was attributed to variable degradation of factor VIII‐related protein(s) which was directly visualised by electrophoresis on 2.75% polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In the sera of 68 (20.9%) of 325 haemodialysis patients, a specific cold agglutinin, cross‐reacting with anti‐N, was detected. Each patient showing this anti‐N‐like antibody used a formaldehyde‐sterilized dialyser. By contrast, the antibody was not found in any of the 73 patients using a non‐formaldehyde‐sterilized dialyser. The results of transfusion experiments indicate anin vivohaemolytic activity of the antibody.In vitro, formaldehyde pretreatment of erythrocytes increased the agglutinability of the cells by the anti‐N‐like antibody. This effect could be prevented when the MN receptor of the red cells was exposed to neuraminidase. Trace quantities of formaldehyde inevitably enter the patient during dialysis when a formaldehyde‐sterilized dialyser is used. It is postulated that thisin vivoformaldehyde exposure might interact with the MN receptor of the red cells, rendering it immunogenic, and thus induce the formation of the haemodialysis‐associated

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The variation in the reactivity of red blood cells (RBC) with HLA haemagglutinins was studied, and the influence of some variable factors evaluted. A comparison of the HLA reactivity of RBC with automated and manual methods, showed the superiority of the Auto‐Analyzer technique. The similarity in the nature and behaviour of HLA RBC antigens and the related Chido and Rg antigens is discussed. Inhibition/adsorption experiments were performed, and the results did not support the theory that HLA antigens on RBC originate from serum‐HLA‐active substance. The strength of the HLA reactivity of RBC from a donor was shown to vary from time to time without evidence of clinical di

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The reactivity of the HLA antigens A28, B7 and B8 on red blood cells (RBC) has been studied, and the inheritance of the strength of reactivity examined in 13 families where the HLA haplotypes could be determined. Examination of individuals possessing more than one of the three antigens showed that the antigens seemed to be expressed independently of each other on RBC. The family studies showed that the HLA reactivity of RBC does not invariably follow the HLA haplotype determining the particular antigen. It was also shown that heterozygosity/homozygosity did not seem to have much influence on the strength of reactivity. Our conclusion is that several factors are likely to be responsible for the great variation in HLA reactivity of RBC.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The results obtained in a multicentre clinical trial of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (65,451 sera tested) have demonstrated that this new test has a significantly higher sensitivity than a reversed haemagglutination test (rHA). In a part of the trial, EIA was also compared with radioimmunoassay (RIA). Only a small number of discrepant results was obtained with these two tests, indicating similar sensitivities. No definite conclusion about a difference in sensitivities could be drawn from these results. Although the specificity of the EIA screening test is lower than that of rHA and RIA, the mean percentage of false positives was 2.2% of the total number of donor samples screened. Presumptive positives in EIA were subjected to a confirmatory test based on neutralization with human antibodies to HBsAg. After elimination of false positives in EIA screening, there was excellent agreement between EIA and RIA results.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1978.tb02902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY