摘要:

Abstract.Australia antigen [Au(l)] has many of the characteristics of an infectious agent and many of the characteristics of an inherited serum protein polymorphism. In multiply transfused patients with thalassemia there is an association between antibodies to genetic markers on immunoglobulins, a known serum protein polymorphism, and antibodies to Australia antigen. There is also evidence that Au itself is polymorphic. It is composed of five or more polypeptides which are immunologically similar to normal human serum proteins (IgG, albumin, transferrin, β‐lipoprotein, and the β‐1a/1c‐fraction of complement). Le Bouvier has demonstrated antigenic subtypes of Au; these appear to be inherited traits of the infectious agent. We are testing the hypothesis that the manner in which a particular individual responds to infection with Au is determined by an interaction of the host with the infectious agent and this in turn is largely determined by the genetic make‐up of the host and the genetic composition of

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The development of highly sensitive hemagglutination (HA) assays for detection of hepatitis B antibody has made possible observation of primary anamnestic antibody responses in most individuals exposed to hepatitis B virus and the development and evaluation of a hyperimmune γ‐globulin preparation.The hemagglutination inhibition assay, while more sensitive than previous techniques for the detection of hepatitis B antigen (HB‐ag) carriers, does not presently appear suitable for use in routine screening of blood donors. However, use of this assay to subtype the antigenic specificities of HB‐ag makes it a valuable identity test for ultrasensitive assays.Prospective serologic follow‐up of children newly admitted to an institution for the mentally retarded and studies on HB‐ag carriers and their families (by hemagglutination inhibition and HA techniques) have revealed that the ratio of infection to clinical disease in hepatitis B infections is greater

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The titres of warm haemolysin and its accompanying agglutinin were determined (1) in sera stored at ‐30 and ‐72°C for about 3 months, (2) in sera obtained with short intervals during 1 month, (3) after treatment of red cells with various concentrations of trypsins, (4) after adding soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) to the trypsin solution, (5) after exposure of the trypsin solutions to 55 °C for 30 min, and (6) with red cells to which bovine albumen had been added before adding the trypsin solution.Relatively small variations in the agglutinin titre were observed when testing the deep frozen sera in contrast to much greater variations when testing fresh samples drawn on different days. Variations in agglutinin titre were poorly related to the trypsin activity expressed in Anson units. The factor in the trypsin preparation which sensitizes the red cells for haemolysis is more temperature labile than the factor responsible for the agglutination. STI and albumen inhibit both haemolysis and agglutin

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.With complement fixation, Australia antigen was detected in one, and antibody in 6 out of 50 chimpanzees. Seven other apes, and 48 monkeys were negative. All positive chimpanzees clustered in one colony comprising 15 animals, and antibody titres decreased simultaneously over a period of several months. This indicates an infectious pattern of Australia antigenaemia and antibodies in chimpanzees. Antigen and antibodies were undistinguishable from those of man.Australia antigen‐positive serum from a contagious human carrier was injected in 5 chimpanzees. One chimpanzee, with antibody before, but not at the time of exposure, developed circulating antibodies after 13 weeks, followed by antigenaemia, antigen‐antibody complexes, increased transaminase levels and slightly abnormal liver histology. One chimpanzee, without spontaneous antibody, reacted with antibody after 8 weeks, suggesting active infection. No proof of infection was obtained in 3 other anim

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A new class of immunogenetic models is presented, which is based on the assumption of complex (cross‐reacting) antibodies and complex antigens (i.e. antigens with more than one kind of antigenic determinants).The model is applied to the Rh‐system at the 9 reagent‐8 haplotype level and shown to give a simplified conceptual image of the Rh‐system at this level. It is demonstrated that the same model could also have been deduced from a conventional (simple‐complex) model if only the discovery of the 9 base reagents had occurred in a different historical sequence.Several experimental data which are difficult to accomodate in a conventional model appear strongly to support the new model, which also is in better harmony with theconceptual(but not notational) image of antibody‐antigen relations expressed by many workers in the field.The new model only requires 5–6 symbols to account for those basic Rh‐data which in a conventional simple‐complex model would require 9–10 symbols. It is obvious that this new class of serologic models is also of great interest in other fields

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Seventy patients with various liver disorders were studies for the presence of Au antigen in their blood, as well as for the presence of Au antigen, immunoglobulins and complement in their liver. In 18 patients, we could demonstrate Au antigen in the serum; in all of these, Au antigen was also found in the liver. In both Au‐positive and Aunegative viral hepatitis cases, we observed granular deposition of IgG and complement in the liver along vessel walls and sinusoids. These findings suggest that immune complexes are involved in the pathogenesis of viral hepatiti

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Our results give further support to the suggestion that the various patterns of intrahepatic localisation of Australia antigen represent different stages of intracellular accumulation of Australia antigen rather than technical differences or differences in the specificity of antibody to Australia antigen.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Indications were obtained that Australia antigen‐antibody complexes are more frequent in patients with cirrhosis than in other Australia antigen‐positive individuals. The evidences were: (1) Among sera with high titres of Australia antigen, anticomplementary activity was detected at lower dilutions in 53% of the cases of cirrhosis, as compared to 14 and 7% in hepatitis patients and carriers, respectively. (2) Among anticomplementary sera which did not show Australia antigen at higher dilutions, the antigen was unmasked after heating at 85 °C in 4 of 7 cases of cirrhosis and in 2 of 11 other patients.On the other hand, a new type of antibody was demonstrated in three patients who had experienced a progressive decrease of Australia antigen titre; the antibodies were detected after the disappearance of the antigen, but they reacted only with some antigenic component of Australia‐positive sera which was unmasked after treatment with Tw

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A family is reported in which the phenotype Lu(a‐b‐) is present in three generations. The family shows that the inhibitor, known to be dominant in effect, which prevents the proper expression ofLub, prevents also that ofLua. It further shows that the inhibitor locus is not part of the Lutheran lo

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Quantitation of circulating Australia antigen (Au‐antigen) was performed by electrophoresis in antibody‐containing gel, using a modification of the method of Laurell [7], on consecutive serum specimens from 19 patients with uncomplicated acute viral hepatitis associated with transient Au‐antigenaemia, and from 9 patients with persistence of Au‐antigen and histological progression from acute to chronic hepatitis. None of the patients received corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs. In all cases in the group of patients with uncomplicated acute hepatitis, an exponential fall in the Au‐antigen concentration was observed. In the group of patients with persistent antigenaemia, two phases of the disease were observed. Initially, these patients showed great variations in both the Au‐antigen concentration and in the serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity (SGOT). An inverse relationship between the Au‐antigen concentration and the transaminase values was observed. The next phase, 1–2 years after onset of the disease, was characterized by low values of the Au‐antigen concentration and

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY