摘要:

Abstract.This review summarizes present knowledge of the chemistry of histo‐blood group ABH and related antigens. Recent advances in analytical carbohydrate chemistry (particularly mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy) and the introduction of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have made it possible to distinguish structural variants of histo‐blood group ABH antigens. Polymorphism of ABH antigens is induced by: (i) variations in peripheral core structure, of which four (type 1, 2, 3 and 4) are known in man; (ii) variation in inner core by branching process (blood group iI), leading to variation of unbranched vs. branched ABH determinants; (iii) biosynthetic interaction with other glycosyltransferases (Lewis, P. T/Tn blood systems) capable of acting on the same substrate as the ABH‐defined transferases, and finally (iv) the nature of the glycoconjugate (glycolipid, glycoprotein of N‐ or O‐linked type). ABH variants induced by item (i) above have been clearly distinguished qualitatively by MoAbs; e.g., at least six types of A determinants can be distinguished by qualitatively different classes of antibody. The variants induced by item (ii) create mono‐ vs. bivalent antigens which may be responsible for observed differences in antibody‐binding affinity.Detailed studies of the chemistry of these antigens have increased our insight into blood groups, providing the basis for blood group iI and A subgrouping, as well as a relation between the ABH and Lewis, P, and T/Tn systems. A survey of the literature on distribution patterns of ABH variants is presented. It has been assumed that expression of histo‐blood group antigens is developmentally regulated. Relationships between histo‐blood group expression, development, differentiation and maturation, as well as malignant transformati

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.To investigate the effect of donation time on the quality of blood components, we measured the platelet count and pH on platelet concentrates, and the factor V and VIII: C levels and fibrinopeptide A concentration on fresh‐frozen plasma by duration of donation time. Platelet concentrates and fresh‐frozen plasma were classified into three groups according to donation time: group 1, less than 10 min; group 2, 10–15 min, and group 3, longer than 15 min. Mean platelet counts of platelet concentrate were: group 1, 8.6±2.5 (in x 1010), group 2, 8.1±2.6, and group 3, 6.5±3.2 (p200 ng/ml, indicating correlation of a higher fibrinopeptide A level with longer donation time. Although a higher fibrinopeptide A level indicated a greater degree of thrombin generation, assays of factors V and VIII: C did not show decreased activity in grou

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The stability of platelets stored in the second generation of container has been examined further. Platelet concentrates prepared in CPD anticoagulant were found to deteriorate fairly rapidly during storage if prepared from very freshly donated blood, whereas a more than 4‐hour delay between donation and platelet isolation yielded platelet concentrates much more stable to storage. Delays of more than 2 h (relative to the time of donation) in the isolation of platelets led to decreases in the aggregation response to low or moderate doses of collagen. Platelets from blood collected into CPD adenine showed decreased aggregation responses relative to equivalent cells from blood collected into adenine‐free anticoagulant. It seems that a decreased aggregation response is associated with improved storage propert

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Changes in metabolic and functional activity of platelets stored as platelet concentrates in plastic bags highly permeable to gases were investigated. The following parameters were measured daily: pH, pO2, pCO2, HCO3, glucose, lactic acid, lactic dehydrogenase, cellular ATP and platelet aggregation induced by different agents (collagen and ADP). As indexes of lipid peroxidative damage, the cellular levels of conjugated dienes, malonyldialdehyde and some antioxidant molecules such as coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E were determined. A marked increase in pO2, conjugated dienes, malonyldialdehyde, lactic acid and lactic dehydrogenase activity was observed during the preservation. Platelet ATP content was unmodified and a remarkable decrease in platelet aggregability was found. pCO2, cyclooxygenase activity, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, bicarbonate and glucose showed a rapid fall. Our data seem to indicate a preservation of platelet metabolic activity and a correlation between increased lipid peroxidation and functional impairement.

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Transfusion of leukocyte‐free red cell concentrates (RCC) prevents or delays HLA immunization in multitransfused patients. We investigated a new cellulose acetate filter which was recently introduced to remove leukocytes from buffy‐coat‐poor RCC. It was found that the filtration time was only 10 min with buffy‐coat‐poor RCC in saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol (SAG M; n=23), hematocrit being 62 ± 2% (SD). The red cell loss was 13.5 ± 2.6% and leukocyte removal was more than 99%. Routine filtration in SAG M (n=179) showed again that more than 99% of the leukocytes were removed from buffy‐coat‐poor RCC with an original leukocyte content of 804 ± (SD)458times 106. The red cell loss (12 ± 8.6%) was not diminished by increasing the amount of saline (0.9% NaCl) from 100 to 300 ml in an attempt to remove the retained red cells from the filter. We conclude that the new filter is reliable in rapidly removing more than 99% of the leukocytes from buffy‐coat

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.11 patients with anaemia and thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow failure each received 2 sets of red‐cell transfusions. They were randomised to receive 1 blood transfusion through a standard 170‐μm giving set filter and another through a 40 μm micro‐aggregate filter. After transfusion, the mean fall in platelet count was 15times 109/1 (41.7%) and 1.4times 109/1 (4.6%), respectively (p<0.01). The results confirm the findings of a previous study which showed that micro‐aggregate filters prevent a post‐transfusional decrease in platelet counts. In addition, this new study shows that this is clinically relevant in patients who are thrombocytopenic at the time of their blood

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Antigranulocyte antibodies are involved in the pathophysiology of a number of clinical disorders, which include: febrile transfusion reactions, severe pulmonary reactions to transfusion, auto‐immune neutropenia, drug‐induced neutropenia, and iso‐immune neonatal neutropenia. Owing to the inherent difficulties of manipulating granulocytes in vitro, many of the serological techniques described for the detection of antigranulocyte antibodies are complex and sometimes difficult to reproduce. We describe the detection of alloreactive granulocyte antibodies using flow cytometric analysis of donor leucocyte suspensions in an indirect immunofluorescent test. The technique provides a semiquantitative detecion of granulocyte antibodies in two groups of patients studied and, by providing as a comparison the reactivity on the corresponding mononuclear leucocytes, allows the distinction between granulocyte‐specific antibodies and antibodies directed against the histocompatibility a

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Red cells sensitized with IgG1 or IgG3 monoclonal anti‐D antibodies were used in rosette assays with human lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. With all three cell types, IgG3 antibodies promoted a greater degree of rosette formation than IgG1 antibodies. Monocytes required a minimum of about 0.5 times 103IgG3 molecules per red cell for rosette formation, and granulocytes and lymphocytes required around 1 times 104IgG3 molecules per red cell. Approximately 80% of monocytes and granulocytes and 10% of lymphocytes were capable of rosette formation. These results are consistent with differences in the number and affinity of Fc receptors on different leucocytes. When compared with previous data these results suggest that binding of monocytes to monoclonal anti‐D sensitized red cells is very similar to that of red cells sensitized with polyclonal antisera. Lymphocytes and granulocytes, however, appear to bind less well to red cells sensitized with certain monoclonal antibodies than with polyclonal antibodies. These findings may be of relevance to the prophylactic use of monoclonal anti‐D antib

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Anti‐Aub, the first example of the antithetical antibody to anti‐Aua, was identified in the serum of a blood donor who had been transfused 16 years previously.Aubhas a gene frequency of 0.4326 in an American black population and 0.2994 in a southern English donor population. The expression of Aubis suppressed byIn(Lu). XS2also suppresses Auberger antigen express

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb03049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY