摘要:

Abstract.Based on data from 96, and estimates from 32 countries with populations of over 1 million, it was calculated that the total amount of whole blood collected annually in the world in the early 1980s was about 75 million units. Of this, one‐third was collected by Red Cross and Red Crescent blood programmes. The index of donations per 1,000 population was on average 50.2 in industrial market countries, 9.5 in middle‐income countries and 1.1 in low‐income countries. For planning purposes donation rates in relation to health services are better than the population index. It seems that roughly 10 annual donations per acute hospital bed, or 0.40 donation per patient admission to these hospitals would be sufficient to provide adequate quantitites of blood and blood products for modern haemoth

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Evidence for transmission of non‐A non‐B hepatitis (NANB) was sought in 41 patients with primary immune deficiency who were receiving human intravenous immune globulin (IGIV) over periods ranging from 6 to 15 months at a monthly dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight. One lot of a reduced and alkylated IGIV and three lots of a nonmodified preparation stabilized at pH 4.2 were used. No evidence of NANB was found, although transient elevations in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) were found in 6 of the patients. The possible causes of the elevated levels in these 6 patients are discus

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Virus sterilization of blood plasma derivatives by addition of several naturally occurring fatty acids was evaluated using vesicular stomatitis virus and Sindbis virus as markers for lipid‐enveloped virus inactivation and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Inactivation of ≥104tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of marker viruses added to antihemophilic factor (AHF) concentrates, with 60–100% retention of AHF activity, was achieved with oleic, 11‐eicosenoic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitoleic and arachidonic acids. Elaidic, gamma‐linolenic, palmitic, and arachidic acids and another fat‐soluble compound previously reported to inactivate virus, butylated hydroxytoluene, were less effective. A long chain mono‐ but not a di‐ or triglyceride also displayed virucidal properties. Evaluation of the inactivation of HIV added to an immune globulin solution on exposure to 0.033% sodium oleate for 20 min indicated inactivation of ≥1034TCID50. The degree of virus inactivation depended on the sample composition. A favorable balance was achieved between degree of virus inactivation and retention of protein function for AHF concentrate, prothrombin complex concentrate, antithrombin III concentrate, and immune globulin solution on incubation with 0.033% (w/v) sodium oleate at 24 °C for 4–6 h. Virus inactivation in whole plasma and plasma cryoprecipitate was not complete despite use of higher concentrations of sodium oleate and/or incubation at 37 °C. Reduced virus kill in these less purified derivatives probably is a consequence of their endogenous

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We studied the usefulness of two polyester leukocyte removal depth filters for the preparation of leukocyte‐poor platelet concentrate. The Sepacell R500A removed approximately 92% of the white cells and 98% of the platelets from stored concentrate. In contrast, the Travenol 4C2423 polyester depth microaggregate filter removed<1 % of the platelets but only 14% of the leukocytes. These findings were obtained with stored (5‐day‐old) random donor platelets as well as with 16‐hour‐old platelets collected by apheresis. We conclude that neither of these two leukocyte removal depth filters are suitable for the preparation of leukocyte‐poor platelet concentrate; the Sepacell because it removes too many platelets and the 4C2423 because it removes too few leukocytes. The efficiency of cell removal by polyester filters is likely related to alteration of the polyester filter element during fiber

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A CLX® (Cutter Laboratories, Berkeley, Calif.) bag system was evaluated for storage of single‐donor apheresis platelets collected with the Haemonetics V‐50 blood processor. Concentrates (n=21) containing 3.9–5.2×1011platelets in 292 (±41.8) ml were stored in two 1‐liter bags for 7 days at 22 °C. pH was well maintained, declining from an initial pH of 7.0 (±0.04) to 6.92 (±0.20) after 7 days. Platelet morphology, response to a hypotonic stimulus and aggregation induced by paired agonists (epinephrine and ADP, or collagen) were also well‐preserved. Concentrates with a wide variation of platelet yields (2.0≥5.2× 1011, n=43) also maintained pH (6.96 ±0.26), morphology and aggregation when stored for 7 days. All platelet concentrates (n = 64) were sterile at collection. Single‐donor apheresis platelets may be stored in this bag sy

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Routine screening of blood donations for anti‐HIV commenced in the UK during October 1985 and by the end of February 1987 approximately 3.7 million donations had been tested. Seventy‐two were confirmed anti‐HIV positive, i.e. 0.002%. Of the anti‐HIV‐positive donors interviewed to date, the majority are young homosexual or bisexual men or intravenous drug abusers. Included in the study are data collected on approximately 470,000 donors giving blood for the first time. Twenty of these have been confirmed anti‐HIV positive (0.004%), and 19 interviewed have admitted to being in risk categories. In 5 instances a positive anti‐HIV donor was found negative on a previous occasion, and in 1 instance the products from the donation led to seroconversion in the recipients. The majority of anti‐HIV‐positive donors attending for blood donation did so because they did not consider that the self‐exclusion categories specified in the leaflet issued to donors applied to them since homosexual activity or drug abuse was not curren

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A single‐drop modification of the acid‐eltion technique (Kleihauer‐Betke) for quantitating fetomaternal hemorrhage is described. It obviates the need for the tedious and time‐consuming manual counting of background adult cells. Rather, this is achieved by automated red‐blood cell counting of the initial specimen and delivery of a standard volume (1 μl) of a standard dilution (1:1,000) in the form of a droplet to a microscope slide. The droplet is left to dry undisturbed at room temperature and then stained. The fetal cells are manually counted while the total number of cells is calculated from the initial red‐blood cell count, standard volume, and standard dilution. Determinations on 4 different concentrations of fetal/adult red cell mixtures are performed. Results indicate improved accuracy and precision relative to the standard technique in significantly less time for volumes of fetomaternal hemorrhage requiring more than the standard dose of RhoD)‐i

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.An immunoblotting technique allows direct visualization of Chido and Rodgers antigenic determinants on intact C4 proteins. C4 molecules separated by electrophoresis are selectively transferred to nitrocellulose membranes saturated with goat antiserum to human C4. The membranes are then incubated in alloanti‐Chido or anti‐Rodgers followed by enzyme‐conjugated goat antihuman IgG. Molecules with Chido or Rodgers reactivity are visualized by incubation with an indicator substrate for the bound e

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We tested serum samples from 11 HIV‐seropositive and 32 HIV‐seronegative Italian patients with hemophilia A or B for the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCTAs). No patients had the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and all had received over many years heat‐untreated commercial clotting factors. LCTAs directed mainly to B cells, were significantly present in 5/6 HIV‐seropositive patients with hemophilia A and in 5/5 HIV‐seropositive patients with hemophilia B. The presence of LCTAs in HIV‐seronegative hemophiliacs was significantly correlated with both a decrease of T cells and an increase in serum levels of

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The chimaera is female and has two children. Her blood contains 99% group 0, type AcP: BA, Pep‐A: 8–2 and 1% group A2B, type AcP:RA, Pep‐A: 1 red cells.H‐, A‐andB‐transferase activities were demonstrated in her serum. The level of theHenzyme activity is low but is at the lower end of the normal range for group 0 persons. The levels of theAandBenzymes are also low but are higher than expected in a person with 1% A2B red cells in the blood. The levels of theAandBenzymes indicate that tissues other than the chimaera's haemopoietic tissue carry her geneticallyA2Bcell line and are contributing the corresponding transferases to her plasma. Gross patchy skin pigmentation is present on the upper part of her body. The chimaera has evidently inherited two dissimilar germ nuclei from

ISSN:0042-9007    

DOI:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb01613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY