ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0119

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simple two-mass-spring model was developed to describe the dynamics of car-to-car collisions. The characteristics of the spring in this model can be chosen as a piecewise linear function. The model was applied to determine the dynamics of a range of crashes and to compare the dynamics of a car-to-car crash with the dynamics of crash tests. Furthermore, the model was applied to evaluate the crush length available in current cars. It showed that a large share of the current car fleet already offers enough crush length to ensure a compatible behaviour. Despite of the simplicity of the model, it can be used in an effective way to give a quick insight in the basics of real life crashes compared with laboratory crash tests. A future step is the augmentation of the model to a multi-mass-spring model by means of the software program MADYMO.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0120

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

on September 29, 1993, President Clinton and the Chief Executive Officers of the major domestic automakers (Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation) announced the formation of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV). The long-term goal of PNGV is to develop vehicles that will deliver up to three times today's fuel efficiency (80 miles per gallon or BTU equivalent) and cost no more to own and operate than today's comparable vehicles. At the same time, this new generation of vehicles should maintain the size, utility and performance standards of today's vehicles (i.e., the 1994 Chrysler Concorde, Ford Taurus, and Chevrolet Lumina) and meet all mandated safety and emission requirements [1,2]. As part of the PNGV program, The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) intends on developing a vehicle finite element model representing each vehicle class and size. These FE models will be used in compatibility studies to ensure that PNGV vehicles meet safety standards and that crashworthiness and crash avoidance attributes are not compromised by their lightweight and use of advanced materials.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0121

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A detailed multi-purpose finite element model of a 1996 Plymouth Neon was developed at the FHWA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis Center. The model was developed to address vehicle safety issues, including front, side and rear performances. In part I of this paper, the methodology used in the development of the Neon model was presented. Issues concerning material characterization and the necessity of component wise testing were discussed.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0122

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The paper presents a method for assessing complex structural water impacts using non-linear Finite Element analysis. The approach taken is discussed along with the validation of both the method and the models. The paper also considers the difficulty in finding suitable validation studies for these types of complex impacts. The results of the validation and a preliminary impact study are considered. The results of the validation are generally encouraging although further work is required in this area. The authors gratefully acknowledge the UK Civil Aviation Authority for funding this work.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0123

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present paper deals with the first ply failure analysis of multi-layered laminated composite plates with arbitrarily located multiple delaminations subjected to low velocity impact. The theoretical development is based on a simple multiple delamination model. Eight-noded isoparametric quadratic elements are used to develop the finite element analysis procedure assuming conventional first order shear deformation. Composite plates are assumed to contain both single and multiple delaminations. Newmark time integration algorithm is employed for solving the time dependent multiple equations of the plate and the impactor. Tsai-Wu failure criterion is used to check for failure of the laminate due to impact at every time-step. To investigate the first ply failure, critical impactor velocities are determined for different cases by varying the size and number of delaminations as well as the stacking sequences and other geometrical parameters.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0124

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Weft knitted glass fibre (GF) reinforced poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (PET) crash elements are tested under dynamic loading to gain insight in the response of knitted GF/PET parts and to demonstrate the energy absorption potential. To achieve this a reference test specimen is defined. Special attention is paid to the influence of the specimen geometry on the results and on two extreme states of the semi-crystal line PET matrix. Tests on SMC, GMT, UD-reinforced GMT and woven fabric were performed for comparison with the knitted reinforcement. The crash characteristics of the investigated knitted fabrics are between those of random oriented composites and directional oriented composites.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0125

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Experiments were performed wherein thin-walled square aluminium tubes were subjected to lateral compression by short width indenters in two different modes, under both quasi-static and impact loading. Tubes employed were empty as well as filled with polyurethane foam and kail wood. The deformation histories of the collapsing tubes were studied and their collapse loads as well as post collapse load-compression curves are presented. Based on the mechanism of deformation observed experimentally and considering the material to be rigid-plastic, collapse load values and post collapse load-compression curves were computed. The results thus obtained compared with experimental values very well.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0126

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Computer models of pedestrian humanoids and detailed vehicle models have been developed to simulate real world pedestrian accidents. The purpose of this modelling is to enable the design. development and evaluation of pedestrian safety technologies under more realistic conditions than the proposed European legislation in order to improve pedestrian safety. LS-DYNA3D has been used to provide an extensive range of modelling possibilities. This paper discusses the developments in the humanoid modelling concept, that was introduced in an earlier article. The validation of those parts of the humanoid that have been developed from original dummy parts are presented and the sensitivity of simulation results to variations in several important biological parameters are reported. Variations between adult and child simulations are presented and discussed.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0127

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.2000.0128

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor