摘要:

In the last two decades the front end structures of all cars were optimized in crashes against rigid barriers in order to guarantee the highest level of self protection. As a consequence, the stiffness of the front end structure was directly related to the own mass of the car. This effect is independant of the crash test speed if safety standards demand the same test speed for all cars. Although German accident statistics still indicate that twice as many fatalities of car occupants occur in single vehicle accidents as in car-to-car collisions, the problem of compatibility has to be taken into account because of the high number of injuries in car-to-car collisions. Therefore, for compatibility reasons, for years experts have recommended higher crash speeds for small cars and lower crash speeds for large cars; a demand which of course is not in accordance with the safety standards. Based on the state-of-the-art cars, experts agree that the stiffness of the front end of a small car should be increased and the stiffness of the front end of a large car should be decreased. This energy-balance concept is briefly described in this paper.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.1998.0057

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Large-scale accident studies are an indispensable tool to idente the focal points of crash occurrence and the benefits of active and passive safety systems. This report describes the requirements on data quality and presents results of retrospective large-scale studies concerning collision types in real-world accidents, effect of safety systems and possibility and limits of car safety assessment.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.1998.0058

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper describes the strategies and methods used at Volvo Car Corporation to estimate crash performance for new cm designs. The includes methods include a combination of traffic accident data, laboratory tests and mathematical simulations in a way that facilitates the design decisions and minimises the risk of sub-optimisation.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.1998.0059

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Representative crash investigation data has been collected for a number of years in Australia and used for various research studies, including estimating the benefits of new safety initiatives. This paper examines the use and role of real-world crash data for setting safety priorities, in evaluating the effectiveness of regulations and safety systems and identifying best practice for improving occupant protection, based on recent experience in Australia.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.1998.0060

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is the objective of this paper to emphasise the importance and benefit of the in-depth data analyses of injury mechanisms on bicyclists and motorcyclists. The in-depth investigations called “on scene in time” have been for the past 25 years carried out continuously at the Medical University of Hannover, under directives of the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). 1,000 accidents are reported every year on the basis of a statistical random spot-check plan. For this study 2,665 accidents with bicycles and 876 with so-called motorcycles and light motorcycles (80 cubic centimetres) during the years from 1985 to 1995 were analysed. Bicycles and motorcycles were compared in correlation and the collision and injury situation is described in detail. Conclusions are made for protective effect of helmets, serious scull-brain injuries and leg injuries.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.1998.0061

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During reconstruction of crashes involving emergency braking it is very important to determine the surface characteristics and the appropriate drag factor for the involved vehicle(s). Adequate attention may be paid to all the variables, which control vehicle/surface interaction. The variables include microtexture, macrotexture, water film depth, vehicle mass, and vehicle speed at braking. This paper uses some results from an Australian study on emergency braking stopping distance to investigate the effect of aquaplaning on crash analysis. Information from a study of the relationship between vehicle speed and onset of aquaplaning is also presented. A number of case studies are presented which illustrate how the incorrect use of skid data can seriously effect the outcome of the crash analysis.

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.1998.0062

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A Taxonomic analysis is performed on Heavy Vehicle accidents recorded in the Statistical Reports of the New South Wales (NSW) Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) during the period 31st December 1991 to 1995. The heavy vehicle group is made up of three distinct vehicle types; - Heavy Rigid, Articulated and Budcoach This paper demonstrates the usefulness of statistical information for the recommendation of operational and legislative changes to Government authorities and the road transport industry. These changes are necessary for the long-term viability of the industry and protection of the workplace environment of drivers. The accountability of transport companies and drivers together is an important element of the recommendations of this report. discussion of methods of addressing this accountability is also addressed and includes vehicle safety, road environment and associated safety Issues

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.1998.0063

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1358-8265    

DOI:10.1533/cras.1998.0064

出版商:Woodhead Publishing Ltd    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor