摘要:

Trans-mountain highway capacity is sensitive to the percentage of recreational vehicles in the traffic stream, the manner in which passenger car equivalents for recreational vehicles are used in capacity computations, terrain classification, and the choice of design hourly volume. The sensitivity of capacity to these factors is demonstrated for the trans-mountain portion of the Trans-Canada highway which is a two-lane highway, characterized in many locations by long steep grades. This particular highway has a high percentage of recreational vehicles during summer months. The Highway Capacity Manual does not make any provision for the effect of such vehicles and previous highway planning studies have used the adjustment factors for trucks and buses to estimate their effect. Neglecting the effect of recreational vehicles and/or improper use of their passenger car equivalents in capacity computations can result in serious errors in the determination of highway capacity especially in mountainous areas. Further research is required in the areas of terrain definition, selection of design hourly volume, and the present concept of level of service.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-036

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to simulate and predict the changes caused in the existing commuter travel pattern by new land development schemes within the framework of a specific community. Particularly, this study is concerned with developing a residential location distribution model with special emphasis on the effect of socioeconomic factors of commuters on the travel time parameter of the model. The findings of the study may be helpful to the siting of new land development activities in the existing infrastructure of an urban system.The study utilizes socioeconomically stratified samples of workers from Fort Garry Industrial Park and Canadian National Railway Yard. Both of these employment centers are located in the Greater Winnipeg Area.The parameters of the model developed here clearly indicate that the workers of a low socioeconomic group generally have more tendency to live close to the place of employment as compared to a high socioeconomic group. The low group may choose to live close to the place of employment depending on neighbourhood affiliation, land use infrastructure, type of housing, transit availability, or merely because the part of the income spent on commuting seems disproportionately large.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-037

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Some results of an experimental study on a scale model of the project of Rivière-au-Renard Harbor improvements in the Province of Quebec, carried out for the Department of Public Works of Canada, are presented. This study has been dictated by the construction of new wharfs inside the harbor where the wave agitation could attain a level such that ship manoeuvring can be affected. The hydraulic model study was then undertaken in order to evaluate the relative efficiency of different types of solutions proposed by engineers of the Department of Public Works in order to reduce the wave agitation inside the harbor near the proposed structure to an acceptable level. The main constraints on these protection structures are that they should not hold up the maritime traffic and that they should be economical. This paper presents the results of most promising structures to be used in order to provide an additional protection.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-038

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Urban drainage problems in Canada will grow with increasing urbanization. In developing areas problems are related to increased volumes and rates of surface runoff; problems in developed areas are overloaded sewerage systems, combined sewer overflows, and urban surface water pollution. Research and demonstration programs in Canada and the United States are examining potential solutions to these problems. Rate and volume of storm water may be controlled by diversion of unwanted water or by storage. Controls on quantity include source controls, combined sewerage system modifications and operational changes, and treatment methods. Urban drainage models can simulate system behaviour and evaluate performance of alternative solutions. The three most generally useful models are STORM, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), and the Illinois Urban Drainage Area Simulator (ILLUDAS). Development and application of models may be the most significant single result of urban drainage research and demonstration activities.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-039

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Both Australia and the United States have standardized new tests to determine the compressive strength of masonry using a stack-bonded prism specimen and the bond strength of masonry using a flexure type bond test.In the past design engineers have relied upon individual unit tests and the 28 day compressive strength of masonry mortar cubes both for design and quality control.In order to evaluate the prism and bond tests for Canadian materials, a large number of tests were performed utilizing these new methods and results correlated to the properties of site sampled mortars. The results, so obtained, appear to support the acceptance of such tests for the quality control of load bearing clay brick masonry.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-040

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The principal effects influencing safety margins are recapitulated. Human errors are found to be the major source of structural failure. A revised format for safety margins is proposed, using partial factors, one of which should represent the effects of human errors. It should be used as a basic safety margin, reflecting the fact of the importance of human errors.Recent changes in design rules as set forth in the National Building Code of Canada 1975, are discussed and criticized for having reduced effective safety margins to unacceptably low levels. Examples are given to illustrate possible consequences of the use of such low safety margins.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-041

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A brief review of the most common first and second order methods of analysis for core-braced buildings is given. Three types of horizontal forces which must be resisted by the structural elements to maintain the integrity of the structures are isolated. Original statistical data on column out-of-plumbs are also presented and an analysis of the resulting effects in terms of forces transmitted to the core is performed.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-042

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

This study describes a procedure for the evaluation and choice of new airport projects (or upgrading of existing ones) when different alternatives are proposed for each airport component and when a budget is set for the whole project. Some major objectives which are important to the different groups concerned with airports are identified and considered in the analysis. A multi-objective investment planning model is set up and a computer program is developed by the authors to carry out the analysis. The program is applied to rank the various airport proposals according to their overall effectiveness in satisfying the objectives. Each airport proposal, in this context, consists of a combination of different alternatives for the various components. No more than one alternative for each component is included in one proposal. The effectiveness of an alternative with regard to a certain objective is a measure of the degree to which the objective is satisfied by the alternative.Since there is usually a budget assigned to each public project, such as an airport, the capital costs of the feasible proposals should fall within the budget limit. Proposals exceeding the budget are considered infeasible and are removed from the analysis by the program at an early stage.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-043

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The great potential of the Nelson River for the development of hydro-electric power has excited the imagination of many engineers as early as the turn of the century.The dream became a concept approximately a decade ago with the start of what has been termed Phase I of the Nelson River Development.The purpose of the paper is to provide a progress report, to indicate future plans as we see them today and to describe some of the engineering challenges that have to be met in the development of this great renewable energy resource.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-044

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

An outline description is given of the University of British Columbia (U.B.C.) watershed and flow models, which are a set of computer programs for the calculation of hydrologic behaviour of watershed and river systems. The U.B.C. watershed model calculates snowmelt and rain runoff from meteorological data for mountainous watersheds. The model can be operated continuously for any number of years without reinitialization. The watershed model can be interfaced with the U.B.C. flow model which routes and combines the flows from a complex network of watersheds through downstream channels, lakes, or reservoirs.A revised temperature index for the calculation of snowmelt is presented and illustrated. In addition to using the mean daily air temperature, use is made of the diurnal temperature range to describe additional radiant energy input and the minimum temperature is used to approximate dewpoint and vapour exchange.The enhanced watershed response resulting from high intensity rainfall is examined and it is shown that this enhanced watershed response can be described by one additional parameter which modifies the normal watershed calibration. This additional parameter changes the normal infiltration behaviour of a particular watershed by a certain percentage, and, is found to be a stable parameter capable of describing a range of high intensity rain events.Application of the watershed and flow models for streamflow forecasting and planning studies are described. An outline is given of operational forecasting for the Fraser River system and of planning studies on the McGregor River. In the study of the McGregor River, streamflows were calculated for a 12 year period from meteorological data. Comparison with observed monthly flows showed a correlation coefficient of 0.96.The computer programs and documentation are available from the authors.

ISSN:0315-1468    

DOI:10.1139/l76-045

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: NRC