摘要:

Water immersion (WI) to the neck induces prompt increases in central blood volume, central venous pressure, and atrial distension. Since atrial distension is a major stimulus for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release, WI constitutes a unique model to investigate the physiological importance of ANP in humans. All studies to date demonstrate that ANP increases during the 1st h of WI in hydrated subjects, rising 2.5- to 3-fold by the end of the 2nd or 3rd h. During recovery from WI, ANP returns promptly to prestudy levels. Although distension of the atria probably constitutes the major stimulus for ANP release during WI, other mechanisms may coexist. In normal hydrated subjects undergoing WI, the increases in ANP correlate with the magnitude of the natriuresis, suggesting that ANP constitutes an important determinant of renal sodium handling in humans. It is simplistic, however, to consider the Wl-induced augmentation of ANP to be the sole, or even the prepotent, mediator of the resultant natriuresis. Rather ANP should be considered as one of several hormonal, neural, and hemodynamic factors acting in concert in an integrated matrix to modulate volume homeostasis. Clearly, the results of several recent studies utilizing WI demonstrate that this maneuver constitutes an important investigative model to delineate further the role of ANP in subserving volume homeostasis in normal humans and in disorders of deranged volume regulation.

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000167929

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000168028

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000168029

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000168031

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000168032

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000168033

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The notion that parathyroid hormone (PTH) can serve as an immunomodulator was examined. T cell function tests were performed in 3 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and 1 month after parathyroidectomy (PTX). Three normal volunteers, age and sex matched, were used as controls. One patient with lipoma of the neck was also examined before and after surgical removal of the lesion. In the primary hyperparathyroidism patients the total T cells were lower, the suppressors were higher and the helper to suppressor ratio was significantly lower than in control subjects. The lectin-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was significantly inhibited. All these abnormalities were restored to normal after PTX. Depressed lymphocyte activity was found also in the patient with lipoma. However, no change occurred after surgery. These results support the assumption that excess blood levels of PTH may have an immunosuppressive effect.

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000167930

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000168034

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To evaluate the significance of tubulointerstitial lesions in the cortical area of renal biopsy specimens, clinicopathological studies were performed on 101 cases of IgA nephropathy, 31 cases of IgA-negative (non-IgA) proliferative glomerulonephritis and 75 cases of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. The degree of tubulointerstitial lesions was assessed semiquantitatively by light microscopic observation and was correlated with the several histopathological and clinical parameters at biopsy, as well as with status at final follow-up (average follow-up period: 72 months). In these three types of glomerulonephritis, the degree of tubulointerstitial lesions in the cortical area was clearly correlated with the severity of glomerular injury, the prevalence of segmental sclerosis, global sclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, decreased renal function (GFR 150/90 mm Hg) at the time of biopsy. The prevalence of stable renal function at final follow-up was statistically higher in the cases without tubulointerstitial lesions or with those whose lesions included less than 20% of the cortical area. From the above data, it was concluded that a semiquantitative evaluation of tubulointerstitial lesions in the cortex would reflect the severity of glomerular injury and also contribute to the assessment of prognosis in such primary glomerulonephritic patients.

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000167931

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-8095    

DOI:10.1159/000168036

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger