摘要:

AbstractThe tongue of the Japanese pika was investigated using the silver impregnation method. On the dorsum, three vallate papillae, arranged in a row transversely, and foliate papillae with 12–13 clefts were observed. The papillae are both covered with an upper thickened epithelium. The abundant nerve fibers are widely distributed in the subpapillary layer of the lamina propria to form the subpapillary nerve plexus, which is composed of non‐myelinated and thick myelinated fibers, and ganglion cells. The taste buds, of an embryonic type with an indefinite border, are located as a mass in both walls of the papillae symmetrically, closely associated with a small number of the fine fibers from the subpapillary plexus. They are large in size and penetrate into the subgemmal connective tissue. Their aspect suggests a peculiar receptive apparatus surrounding the orifice of the serous gland‐ducts. In the papilla regions the serous glands are plentiful deep in the muscles and their ducts open into the bottom of the trench and furrow. The dorsum is densely packed only with the filiform papillae which are covered with highly cornified, thickened stratified squamous epithelium and poor in nerve supply, but the smooth inferior surface is well supplied with sensory nerves ending free and is furnished with many taste buds. No apical glands are present. The tongue contains many ganglion cells alongside the nerve fiber bundles running toward the

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman embryos aged six and one‐half through 1 weeks were studied to determine the morphological changes in shape of the maxillary dental arch during this early developmental period. Age was determined by crown‐rump lengths using the table of Patten ('53).When compared to a reference catenary curve, the embryonic dental arch exhibited several time‐linked and directional changes in shape. First, 6.5 to 8 week embryos characteristically had upper dental arches which were wide and anteroposteriorly flattened and did not conform to the catenary curve. At 7.5 to 9 weeks, the C‐shaped dental arch showed more elongation and increasing depth. It was not until weeks 9.5 to 12 that the embryonic dental arch grew enough to conform to the catenary curve.It is suggested that the catenary curvature of the postnatal upper dental arch can be first recognized as early as 9.5 weeks of deve

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe appendices and tonsils iliaca of 198 embryonic and neonatal rabbits between 26 days of gestation and 18 days after birth have been examined. Special cytological and histochemical techniques and light and phase microscopy have been employed in order to determine the origin of the lymphocytes in these lympho‐epithelial organs.Sequential developmental and cytological changes in the appendices and tonsils iliaca of the embryonic and neonatal rabbit indicate that the first lymphocytes are of small and medium size and appear by the twenty‐ninth day of development, viz., two to three days prior to birth. Lymphoblasts are not evident until a short time after birth when the lymphocytic nature of these organs has been established. The first lymphocytes in the appendix and tonsil iliaca appear to developin situby the direct transformation of reticular or mesenchymal cells. Lymphocytes tend to migrate toward the mesenchymal condensation of the so‐called domed elevations of the appendix and tonsil iliaca or remain in the connective tissue beneath these domed structures. In addition, lymphocytes enter the appendix and tonsil iliaca via the blood stream at or immediately after birth. These lymphocytes intermix with other lymphocytes in these organs and undergo proliferation within the lamina propria and developing lymphocytic nodules.Morphological evidence strongly suggests a dual origin or source of the lymphocytes in the developing appendix and tonsil iliaca of the rabbit; a population of lymphocytes derived originally from reticular cells and a population of lymphocytes derived extra‐appendiceally possibly of thymic (epithelial) origin. Neither the origin of lymphocytes or lymphocytic precursors from appendiceal epithelial cells nor the derivation of lymphocytic nodules from appendiceal crypts could be substantiated in this investigation. The mode of origin of lymphocytes and subsequent manner of lymphocytic development in the appendix and tonsil iliaca of the embryonic and neonatal rabbit differ markedly from that observed in the embryonic thymus and bursa of Fa

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo find out whether or not mammalian cells have a surface coat, over 50 cell types were examined in rat tissues stained with the periodic acid‐Schiff technique for glycoproteins or the colloidal iron technique for acidic carbohydrates.With both techniques, nearly all cells investigated are outlined by a thin, but definite band of stained material, indicating the existence of a surface layer. The surface layer is uniform in leucocytes, fibrocytes and other cells of mesenchymal origin. This is true in neurons too, although associated structures may also be stained. In simple epithelia, the layer appears thicker at apical than at lateral and basal surfaces. (At the basal surface, the layer separates the cell from the basement membrane, which is itself colloidal iron negative and therefore is not part of the cell coat.) Finally, the layer is usually interrupted at the tight junction of terminal bars (where the cell interspace disappears as the plasma membranes of adjacent cells fuse). This finding confirms that the layer is not part of the plasma membrane itself but is a surface ‘cell coat.’In agreement with biochemical data, the staining properties indicate the presence of glycoprotein(s) and acidic residues in the coat of rat

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn Rose chamber primary explant cultures of synovialis from 11 patients, large cells with motile filopodia have been observed and documented by both still and cinéphotomicrographs. Frequently the tips of the filopodia are attached to the glass surface of the cover slip in the Rose chamber. A continuous, tremulous motility is referred from this point of attachment to the cell itself. Mitosis has not been observed in the cells with filopodia although they have persisted in culture for as long as 171 days. Explants from a total of 376 individuals have been studied: 144 from rheumatoid arthritis patients and 232 from nonrheumatoid patients. Cells with filopodia were observed from only 11 explants (2.9%): eight were rheumatoid; and three were nonrheumatoid

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince “miniature swine” are being used extensively as a research animal and since the literature concerning tooth eruption is not very precise, it has seemed advisable to observe and record tooth eruption in the “miniature swine” being used and to make comparisons with existing literature of domestic swine.A total of 55 pigs of the Pitman‐Moore strain were observed weekly from birth until their dentition was complete at about 26 weeks. Lateral x‐ray head plates and study models of both arches were made weekly for two members of the group. The study models and x‐rays served for orientation and positive identification of teeth; and with the weekly observations constitute the data.Analysis of the data indicated there was no significant difference in the eruption time for any tooth due to the sex of the individual. A mean sequence of eruption for each arch was established for the group based on coefficients of concordance. There was no significant difference in sequence of eruption due to sex or litter.The eruption time and sequence noted for Pitman‐Moore swine differed slightly from that recorded for domestic swine. The differences observed were slight and could be explained by the probably infrequent observations of domestic swine or sm

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKidney samples were obtained from ten hibernating and ten control 13‐lined ground squirrels.Citellus tridecemlineatus. The tissue was fixed in cold buffered 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in graded alcohols and embedded in Maraglass. Sections were made with glass knives on a Porter‐Blum microtome and viewed with RCA‐EML and RCA‐EMU 3 electron microscopes. Observations and comparisons were made of the glomerular capillaries in samples from both groups. In comparison with data on other animals reported in the literature, the basement membrane of the renal glomerulus of the control ground squirrel is approximately twice as thick, averaging 2,000–2,500 Å in width. Hibernation results in several structural modifications of the glomerular ultrafilter as follows: (1) the endothelial pores are decreased in number and size; (2) the podocytic foot processes are swollen and the slit pores reduced in size; and (3) the basement membrane thickens, averaging 4,000–5,000 Å in width, and becomes irregular in contour. It is concluded that the porosity of the glomerular ultrafilter decreases during hibernation. This aids in explaining the decrease in the rate of urine formation which occurs during this time of lowered body temperature and metabol

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe morphology and the structures supplied by the extraventricular segment of the anterior choroidal artery was studied in 22 human brains. The pertinent arterial sections were injected with a gelatin‐india ink mixture and the brains serially sectioned and cleared after formalin fixation. The area of distribution of the anterior choroidal artery varied widely.There is good supply to the globus pallidus, the posterior and retrolenticular portions of the internal capsule, the cerebral peduncle, the optic tract and the lateral geniculate body. A lesser supply is furnished to the genu of the internal capsule, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and amygdal

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamination of microradiographs of liver indicate that the hepatic arteries supply the richly anastomosing arterial plexus around the biliary ducts. This arterial plexus supplies the portal veins directly and the peripheral hepatic sinusoids. Arterial “boosters” penetrating deep within the lobule were not seen. Hepatic veins receive sinusoids at irregular angles and frequent intervals, whereas portal veins distribute flow through short right angle inlet venules spaced at greater intervals. Pulmonary arteries also distribute flow to capillaries through short right angle precapillaries and pulmonary veins receive capillary drainage at irregular angles and frequent intervals. The location of capillary beds of both liver and lung only 10 to 30 μ from inflow channels appears “ideally” suited for circulations of low vascular resistance. The analogy of liver and lung relates biliary system to airway, hepatic artery to bronchial artery, portal vein to pulmonary artery, hepatic vein to pulmonary vein and ductus venosus to ductus arteriosus. In particular, should the pulmonary artery be considered a “pulmonary po

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the role of the goblet cell in mucous secretion has been known since 1837, the actual process by which mucous is formed by the cell still is open to question. There is a known proliferation of the Golgi membranes during the early formation of mucous within peripheral Golgi vacuoles. However, there also is a concomitant proliferation of rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum which contains an electron dense material within the lamellae. It is suggested that the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes a protein moiety which is transported to the Golgi apparatus. There the protein is combined with acid mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins, that are synthesized by the Golgi apparatus, to form the mucous droplets visible in the electron microscope.Examination of intestinal goblet cells of man, rat, and guinea pig, after stimulation of the cells to evacuate their mucous, also reveals a basic fine structure that clearly is distinguishable from the fine structure of columnar absorbing cell

ISSN:0003-276X    

DOI:10.1002/ar.1091540111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY