ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine if cancer chemotherapy invariably produces nausea and vomiting, if the extent of emesis is influenced by the number of drugs in a regimen, and if children's patterns of symptoms remain stable during repeated courses of the same agents. Forty-nine children with cancer (ages 5–21) prospectively rated (1–10 scale) their nausea and vomiting within 3–5 days after the administration of each course of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy courses which included antiemetics were eliminated from the analysis. No agents were found which never or always produced nausea and vomiting. No systematic increases or decreases in vomiting occurred as agents were added or subtracted from chemotherapy regimens and there was no association between the number of agents in a regimen and the extent of nausea and vomiting. Most patients' symptoms fluctuated widely. Only 4/49 patients (8%) had minimal symptoms (ratings of 1s and 2s) during chemotherapy and there were no patients who always had nausea and vomiting (ratings ≥ 3s) with every course. The data suggest that nondrug variables influence chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting in children.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neuroblastoma and Ewing's sarcoma are examples of pediatric cancers in which disseminated disease is often present at diagnosis or develops later in spite of combination therapy. The demonstration that marrow-ablative doses of chemotherapy can increase tumor cell kill, and that autologous bone marrow can be cryopreserved and reinfused into the patient to reverse such marrow ablation, has stimulated interest in this approach to refractory childhood cancers.We present results of treating eighteen patients with recurrent neuroblastoma and Ewing's sarcoma resistant to conventional therapy. We used supralethal doses of melphalan, supported by reinfusion of previously cryopreserved autologous bone marrow. Seven of 10 neuroblastoma and six of eight Ewing's sarcoma patients had complete or partial responses, lasting for a median of 6 months (neuroblastoma) and 3 months (Ewing's sarcoma). Prolonged hospitalization, pancytopenia complicated by sepsis, and reversible gastrointestinal toxicity were the major side effects.These results suggest this approach should be tested in therapeutic trials at an earlier disease stage in children who have cancers with a predictably bad prognosis.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two cases of multilocular renal cyst (MRC) are presented with electron microscopic findings. The epithelial cells of the cysts resembled renal collecting tubule cells and not convoluted tubule or Henle's loop cells. Intercystic areas contained only connective tissue elements. Simple MRC appears to be a congenital malformation that results from segmental maldevelopment of the ureteric bud. In some cases of MRC, the intercystic septa contain immature renal elements. The lesion is then called cystic poorly differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN). However, in both MRC and CPDN, local recurrence or metastases have not been described. Treatment of these lesions should consist of nephrectomy, careful histologic evaluation to rule out obvious foci of Wilms' tumor, and conservative follow-up.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The heights and weights of 291 children with Ewing's sarcoma were compared to population norms in order to explore the association of stature with this cancer. Overall, males were not significantly different from what was expected in either height or weight. When weights for heights of males under 151 cm—the upper limit of the norms—were reviewed, the distribution favored the larger categories. Further analysis of this group revealed that males under 151 cm were, on the average, 2 cm shorter and 0.2 kg lighter than peers. By contrast, females were smaller than expected. The greatest difference was in females under 151 cm; they were, on the average, 4.1 cm shorter and 2.4 kg lighter than their peers. In this series of similarly treated patients, stature at diagnosis did not appear to affect survival. Contrary to previous report, attained height and weight at diagnosis do not appear to be important risk factors for children with Ewing's sarcoma.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 3-month-old female with bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma had a unilateral adrenalectomy followed by cyclophosphamide treatment for 2 years. At 7, she has no evidence of disease. The favorable course of this patient and that of another young child reported with bilateral neuroblastoma as well as wide-spread metastases suggests that bilateral adrenalectomy may not be necessary for a child under 1 year of age with bilateral disease.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intact sickle erythrocytes were fractionated to obtain a more uniform population in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Polymer fraction at complete deoxygenation varied with increasing MCHC and, at varying oxygen saturation, was in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on solubility and the non-ideal behavior of concentrated hemoglobin solution and of water. These data and the theoretical analysis indicate that, in uniform sickle erythrocytes at 34 g/dl, polymer is only detected below 84% oxygen saturation. Non-uniformity of unfractionated sickle erythrocytes causes this critical oxygen saturation to shift to higher values (over 90%).The implication is that polymer may exist in arterial blood, a possibility which must be considered in therapeutic strategies. Recently, we showed that polymer formation correlated with the severity of hemolysis for 12 sickle syndromes varying from sickle trait to hemoglobin SS (African) disease.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two compounds that inhibit the sickling of erythrocytesin vitroare sodium cyanate and glyceraldehyde. The former compound reacts selectivity with the NH2−terminus of the a-chain of hemoglobin S and thereby leads to an increased oxygen affinity of the protein and inhibition of erythrocyte sickling. The toxicity associated with oral administration of sodium cyanate precludes its use in the treatment of sickle cell anemia; administration by extracorporeal routes is still under consideration. The compound glyceraldehyde also inhibits the sickling of erythrocytesin vitrobut does so by a different mechanism than sodium cyanate; it interferes directly with the gelation of deoxyhemoglobin S. Glyceraldehyde also displays selectivity; only five of a total 24 amino groups per αβ dimer of hemoglobin S are reactive. Preclinical studies on this compound as a potential treatment for sickle cell anemia are in progress.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Methyl acetimidate has been shown to be an effectivein vitroantisickling agent with few detrimental effects on the red cell.51Cr-survival of red cells that had been incubatedin vitrowith methyl acetimidate was prolonged to near normal levels in sickle cell anemia patients. However, some patients developed an immune response following multiple reinfusions of the acetamidinated cells. Pre-equilibration of erythrocytes with the membrane-impermeable aldehyde, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, prior to the addition of methyl acetimidate to the reaction mixture, has been shown to prevent agglutination of acetamidinated cells which were resuspended in immune serum. However, the protection was not extensive enough to prevent an immune response in a sickle cell anemia patient who had already been sensitized against acetamidinated cells. It is apparent that further consideration of imidoesters as extracorporeal antisickling agents will require complete protection of membrane amino groups against reaction with the imidoester.

ISSN:0192-8562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID