摘要:

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated strategies that a participant in dyadic aggression may use to reduce the aggression of the other participant. In one set of these studies the subject is instigated to aggression by an opponent who sets maximum shocks for the subject to receive during the first block of six trials. Following attack‐instigation, opponents shift to withdrawal and matching strategies for 18 trials. The withdrawal strategy is an abrupt shift to the lowest levels of shock possible. The matching strategy is the exact matching by an opponent of the shock set by the subject on the previous trial. With these procedures the withdrawal strategy has been the most effective method to reduce aggression. These results led to the suggestion that the effectiveness of the withdrawal strategy may be due to immediate, unambiguous communication by the opponent of his willingness to reduce attack. This hypothesis was tested in the present study by creating a matching condition modified to include immediate, unambiguous communication of willingness to reduce attack. In this withdrawal‐matching condition the opponent followed attack with two trials of the lowest levels of shock before shifting to a matching strategy. Although the withdrawal‐matching strategy did not lead to shock settings that were significantly lower than the matching strategy, there was evidence that subjects interacting with withdrawal‐matching opponents did reduce their shock settings from block 1 to block 4 more rapidly than subjects interacting with matching opponents. A variable matching strategy was also used to provide a more realistic analogy of matching in the mundane world. While subjects with variable‐matching opponents also did not set shock levels during blocks 2, 3, and 4 that were significantly lower than the matching strategy, there was evidence that subjects in this condition reduced their shock levels more rapidly than subjects with matching opponents. Although the effects were not as strong as expected, the results do provide some support for the interpretation that the effectiveness of the withdrawal strategy may be due to unambiguous communication of willingness by the opponent to reduce his or her aggression. The effectiveness of the variable‐matching strategy was attributed to interrupting the tendency of the subject and his or her opponent to match each other's responses. Consistent with earlier attack‐instigated aggression studies, the withdrawal strategy in the present study led to a rapid reduction

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<1::AID-AB2480090102>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCollege students were classified as having violent or nonviolent histories on the basis of their responses to the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Four groups of heterosexual pairs were then recalled for further testing: violent males paired with violent females, violent males with nonviolent females, nonviolent males with violent females, and nonviolent males with nonviolent females. These pairs were asked to role play their attempt to resolve an hypothetical conflict while being videotaped. Subsequently, their behavior was recorded into the three summary categories that emcompass the Marital Interaction Coding System. Persons with violent histories were more frequently negative than those with nonviolent histories while interacting with an individual having a similar history. This result supports the validity of the CTS by demonstrating that it is capable of predicting behavior during the verbal resolution of a conflict. However, the results suggested that the nature of the contribution to the aversiveness of the interaction may be different for males and females. Overall, these results offer some support for the notion that some individuals learn aversive behavior as a general behavioral style for controlling their environments with the probability of performing coercive behavior partially a function of other individuals.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<13::AID-AB2480090103>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of differential time‐out (TO) durations (15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes) on assaultive behavior for 13 psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents was analyzed. For the total sample, no statistically significant difference in assault frequencies was evident. Also evident was the effect of time‐out duration on time taken to become settled: the longer the time‐out given, the longer the time needed to become

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<21::AID-AB2480090104>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis experiment was designed to determine whether isolation during two developmental periods would contribute to differences in home‐cage agonistic behavior and whether altered reactivity was a mediating variable. While early isolation (16–41 days) was shown to have a significant and sustained impact on agonistic behavior, isolation during a later developmental period (41–68 days) did not result in altered occurrences of agonistic behavior. While isolation did result in increased reactivity to both footshock and dorsal tactile stimuli, the pattern of these data suggested that hyperreactivity to tactile stimulation was not a satisfactory account of the increased agonistic behavior of rats raised in isol

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<29::AID-AB2480090105>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSmall bilateral electrolytic lesions placed just posterior of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus cause a strong increase in offensive behavior. The histology suggests that damage to the ventral premammillary nucleus is responsible for this effect. A summary of the neuroanatomical literature shows that this structure is connected to most other brain structures reported to be involved in offensive behavior.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<41::AID-AB2480090106>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix male mice placed in a large, moderately complex enclosure formed a stable dominance hierarchy in which two mice defended adjacent floor areas and the remaining four mice were subordinate and did not form territories. Intruder mice with winning or losing experience in prior paired encounters, or those with no fighting experience, were introduced individually into the colony for 30 minute periods. These intruders were attacked by the dominant members of the colony, and the fighting outcomes were strongly dependent upon the fighting experience of the intruder. Intruders with losing or no fighting experience engaged in little mutual fighting with residents, were easily defeated, and terminated attacks by engaging in subordinate behaviors. Intruders with winning experience fought vigorously with residents, attacked and, in many cases, defeated residents. These results suggest that relatively little winning experience gained in earlier paired encounters may be sufficient to overcome the various fighting advantages enjoyed by a dominant territorial holding member of a colony.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<49::AID-AB2480090107>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present data indicate that the opening of preorbital glands plays an important role in interindividual interactions in red deer of both sexes. The opening of the preorbital gland seems associated with situations of higher social tension and it probably increases the intensity of expression of a threat. The possible uses of preorbital gland opening during agonistic and in precopulatory encounters are discussed.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<59::AID-AB2480090108>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<69::AID-AB2480090109>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<74::AID-AB2480090110>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1983)9:1<75::AID-AB2480090111>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY