摘要:

AbstractA controlled case study is reported of the behavioural effects of androgen treatment in an institutionalised hypogonadal mentally retarded male patient. This man was previously treated with intramuscular depot injections of testosterone esters; however, treatment had to be stopped as the androgens allegedly precipitated frequent bouts of violent behaviour. Using ratings of behaviour by hostel staff, replacement therapy was restarted using the new orally effective androgen, testosterone undecanoate (TU). Gradually increasing the replacement dose of TU in a double‐blind fashion resulted in no stimulatory effect on aggressive behaviour. Possible reasons for the differential behavioural response to the two androgen preparations are presente

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<1::AID-AB2480110102>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe blood androgen levels of both high‐ and low‐ranking swordtail males show a reduction to one third of initial levels after social isolation but are returned to normal following a 20‐minute exposure to a small male of the same species behind a transparent partition (standard‐opponent test). Experiments to determine the cause of this effect revealed that the social contact involved in the test was not responsible, but that rather the presence of the fish in a new environment (the test‐aquarium) for 20 hours itself sufficed to restore the normal androgen concentrations. The blood corticoid levels of both high‐ and low‐ranking males are also reduced to one third of initial levels by social isolation. The normal level of this hormone was, however, restored following a standard‐opponent test only in the case of the high‐ranking males; the corticoid levels of the low‐ranking males remaining depressed. Transfer to a new environment in itself did not account for the effect on the high‐ranking males. This result suggests that the pituitary‐adrenal systems of high‐ and low‐ranking males are differentially responsive to the social situation represented by

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<9::AID-AB2480110103>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral tests failed to detect any relationship between the amount of self‐aggression (SA) and either spontaneous or contrived dominance rank of self‐aggressive stumptailed macaques living in groups. SA and stereotyped movements were affected differently when the subjects were given drugs, suggesting a dissociation between these two behaviors. SA did not correlate with measured adrenocortical arousal, indicating that self‐aggressive monkeys are not stressed as they are when receiving social aggression. Theories of social aggression, such as social learning theory, deal poorly with self‐directed agg

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<17::AID-AB2480110104>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObservations were made of naturally occurring assertive and defensive behaviors among preschool children, using ethological methods. Four major classes of assertive behavior were studied: attempts to gain possession of objects, personal space intrusion, positive directives, and negative directives; in addition, behavior with aggressive characteristics was studied. The effects of the following demographic factors upon individual frequencies of assertive interaction initiation, probability of defense (to assertive initiations), and frequencies of aggressive behavior were examined: age, sex, birth order, sib group size, ethnic identity, number of parents in the home, father's occupational level, father's education, mother's employment (yes/no), mother's occupational level, mother's education. Results of the multiple regression analyses indicated the most widespread effects for ethnic identity, number of parents in home, age, and sex. The most assertive children tended to be nonwhite/black, older, male, and from single‐parent homes. These results were fairly consistent across all classes of assertive behavior studied. There were only minor effects of social class on assertive behaviors, and the demographic characteristics of the sample indicated that the ethnic differences existed independent of social class. Limitations in interpreting the behaviors studied as indicating an underlying aggressive motivation are discusse

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<27::AID-AB2480110105>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study investigated possible relationships of metal levels and metal combinations to children's aggressive classroom behavior. Hair‐metal concentrations of lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and aluminum were determined in 80 randomly selected elementary‐age children. Each child was also rated by his classroom teacher on the acting‐out subscale of the Walker Problem Behavior Identification Checklist. Parents of subjects were interviewed to control for confounding variables that may affect behavioral development. Regression data indicated that the set of metals was significantly related to increased scores on the acting‐out subscale (P<0.07) with lead being the major contributor (P<0.05), and the metal combinations were also significantly related to increased acting‐out scores (P<0.01) with the interaction of lead‐cadmium being the major contributor (P<0.001). A continuing reexamination of metal‐poisoning concentrations is needed, because metal levels and metal combinations previously thought harmless may be associated with aggressive class

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<41::AID-AB2480110106>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSex ratio does not appear to be a factor in generating the characteristic population growth curve. Freely growing populations of house mice, consisting of all females and one male, stopped their growth at approximately the same densities as normal sexratio populations used as references. The mechanism(s) of female control of population dynamics may be related to female aggressive behavior. As the all‐female/one‐male populations approached their maximum size, the females began to show wounding patterns and social hierarchies in much the same manner as males in populations with normal sex ratios. The male in each of the populations was severely wounded in the posterior region, and each lost its tail as a result of injuries which could have been inflicted only by the females.The female social hierarchy can be seen only when there has been reproduction and population growth. Assembled populations of all females rarely exhibit aggressive behavior. Female aggression becomes apparent only when the population approaches its maximum size and thereafter. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that males are competitive among themselves for territory and social rank, and ultimately to mate with the females. Other investigators have indicated that females respond to population size, which may reflect increased competition between the females with the establishment of territories. Thus female agression may control population growth, a role previously ascribed to male aggress

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<49::AID-AB2480110107>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Buss‐Durkee Hostility Inventory is a widely employed multidimensional measure of aggression. Two studies, each involving the administration of both two‐choice and seven‐choice response format versions of the instrument, were conducted to determine if (1) the theoretical scales could be reproduced empirically, (2) the change in response format either changes or improves the structure, and (3) the structure of either response format replicates across administrations. The two‐choice version provided some support for the present theoretical scoring but was not very stable across administrations. The seven‐choice version resulted in a structure that was different from both the two‐choice structure and theoretical scoring but was more stable across admi

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<65::AID-AB2480110108>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<83::AID-AB2480110109>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<84::AID-AB2480110110>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1985)11:1<85::AID-AB2480110111>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY