摘要:

AbstractIn a series of three experiments using a restrained target procedure the influence of shock punishment of shock‐induced aggression in rats was assessed. Regardless of prior experience with shock‐induced aggression, punishment resulted in a suppression of the frequency and total duration of the fighting behavior. In addition, possible alternative explanations that have clouded studies of punishment of irritable aggression were ruled out by demonstrating that the suppression was not a consequence of altered parameters of shock frequency and durat

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:1<1::AID-AB2480040102>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract“Stress” induced by swimming, immobilization, and fighting in male albino mice results in a significant increase of creatine kinase (CK) activity in blood obtained by decapitation. The increase partially depends on motor activity as shown in fighting animals. Males show higher CK values than females. Isolation and even immobilization also lead to higher CK activity, the latter to a similar extent as swimming and fighting. We believe that CK activity is regulated by processes additional to motor activ

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:1<19::AID-AB2480040103>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFilm analysis and direct observation suggest that 2 very different types of intra‐specific fights occur among Japanese brown bears maintained in large stable colonies. Disputes arising over food are short, and involve such activities as threatening, muzzling, chasing, and flight. Weapon use during feeding fights primarily involves slashing blows to the back or head areas of the opponent. In contrast, “spontaneous” fights are longer, and consist almost exclusively of wrestling, with bites and forepaw blows directed at the opponent's ruff area. These spontaneous fights occur primarily among the larger and higher‐ranked male bears, especially among animals with closely adjacent rankings. It is suggested that such fights facilitate the establishment of dominance relationships by providing an opportunity for mutual assessment of strength and stamina without serious risk of

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:1<31::AID-AB2480040104>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdrenocortical function and social behaviors were measured in 48 laboratory‐born juvenile monkeys in stable (original) groupings at rest, in the same groupings in competition for drinking water, in newly formed groupings each composed of animals from the same original dominance position, and upon return to the original groupings, always in groups of four. In newly formed groupings, plasma cortisol measured higher with each step down in the new dominance hierarchy, the effect attenuating by day 8. Although the partial correlation between frequencies of hostility behavior and plasma cortisol level was low (r = 0.05) when holding fear constant, the partial correlation between cortisol and fear behaviors, holding hostility behavior constant, was 0.86. The data provide evidence that corticosteroid elevations during social stress are related to behavior suggestive of fear and not aggression and are dependent upon dominance rank, the level of dominance competition, and previous dominance histor

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:1<43::AID-AB2480040105>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMale gerbils have larger ventral scent glands, and they mark more than females. In both sexes, scent gland activity is dependent on gonadal hormones. Observations on colonies of gerbils, living in enclosures or cages, showed that both scent gland size and marking behaviour were related to social status. In colonies founded by a single pair, breeding was confined to the original female. The infertility of the daughters was due to failure of sexual maturation. As this was always associated with a lack of development of the scent glands, the functional state of the latter could be used as an index of fecundity. A change in social organization (eg removal of the parents) caused previously infertile females to conceive and was accompanied by development of the scent glands If there was competition for dominance, the scent glands of the losers regressed; at autopsy, their ovaries and uteri appeared to be nonfunctional. The founding father usually had a larger scent gland than his sons, but the inhibition of sexual function was not as severe as in the females. However, the father characteristically showed much more marking behaviow in a neutral territory than his sons. None of the fem ales‐except the mother‐showed appreciable marking, and her scores were much lower than those of the dominant male. Asymptotic populations were reached at about the same level in enclosures and cages, implicating an intrinsic capacity for control independent of the number of animals per unit of space but probably related to the natural size of a social group. Stabilization of numbers was achieved not only by reproductive inhibition of young females, but also by cessation of breeding by the founding mother and death of litters. Littermates raised in enclosures without their parents showed delayed sexual maturation accompanied by fighting which resulted in the formation of a hierarchy headed by a breeding female and a dominant (marking) m

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:1<57::AID-AB2480040106>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:1<91::AID-AB2480040107>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:1<93::AID-AB2480040108>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1978)4:1<::AID-AB2480040101>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY