摘要:

AbstractThis study examined variables included in press reports of excessive infiction of pain on school children over the past ten years. Cross‐tabulations were used to examine the relationship between severe corporal punishment with sex of educator, sex of pupil, nature of infraction, severity of punishment, job position of staff member, and age of student. The results indicate that severe corporal punishment is most often administered by males to boys. The frequency steadily increased to 12 or 13 years of age and then decreased. There was no relation between type of misbehavior and severity of punishment. Tentative clinical and educational implications of the study are discusse

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1987)13:1<1::AID-AB2480130102>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerum testosterone and cortisol levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 14 young male judo competitors, in samples taken 10 minutes before and 45 minutes after two different procedures. The first involved physical exercise and the second competitive fighting. Both procedures were of 5 minutes duration and sessions took place at the same time (between 10:00 A.M. and 12:00 P.M. local time) but on different days. Comparing the two situations over all subjects revealed that testosterone increased after exercise and decreased slightly after Competition. Between subject comparisons suggested that contrary to previous claims, winning or losing did not significantly change the testosterone and cortisol levels. Comparisons of subjects who were members of the Regional Team with individuals who were not part of that group confirmed that members increased their testosterone levels after competition, whereas the nonmembers showed a significant decrease. Moreover, success of the individuals, in their sporting record, correlated positively and significantly with the changes of testosterone observed during the competition. These preliminary results suggest that previous personal experience of success can influence the pattern of the psychoendocrine response to a contest situation.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1987)13:1<9::AID-AB2480130103>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the Taylor and Buss paradigms have been the most widely used measures of human physical aggression, few attempts have been made to establish validity of the measures. The present investigation attempted to demonstrate convergent and discriminant validity of the paradigms. Fifty‐five males engaged in five tasks designed to measure helping, competition, and aggression. Correlations computed among these measures lend support for convergent and discriminant validity of the Taylor and Buss paradigm

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1987)13:1<15::AID-AB2480130104>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of pup ultrasonic calls on male infanticidal behavior was evaluated by using mice of the GFF strain which includes two different lines: a normally hearing line and a genetically deaf line. Deaf male mice exhibited more infanticidal behavior than mice with normal hearing. In addition, deaf pups, which emitted fewer ultrasonic calls than normal pups, suffered a higher, even though not significant, rate of infanticidal behavior by normally hearing males. On the whole, these results question Labov's hypothesis that pups emit few ultrasounds in the presence of strange males in order to avoid being located and killed by them.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1987)13:1<25::AID-AB2480130105>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMaternal aggression in a Sprague‐Dawley strain of laboratory rat (Charles River CD) was explored from Day 1 after mating on Day 0 through Day 24 of lactation (L0‐L24). Aggression toward unfamiliar male “intruders” during 10‐min tests was low among nonpregnant, nonlactating females and during the first 10 days of gestation. Frequency of attack on intruders increased moderately but significantly by Gestation Day 16 (G16; Experiment 1) or G21 (Experiment 2), a prepartum phenomenon not previously reported in laboratory rats. Levels of aggression were highest, however, during the first 9 days of lactation, when attacks averaged more than 6 per 10‐min session. Attacks declined sharply in frequency after L14 and by L24 did not exceed levels observed among nonpregnant females. Experiment 3 examined the importance of the test site (home cage with nest and pups, if any, vs unfamiliar cage without nest or pups) to agonistic behavior associated with pregnancy and lactation. Late pregnant females tested in a novel cage were not aggressive; however, females tested shortly after delivering their pups were highly aggressive, averaging over four attacks per 5‐min session. In novel cage tests frequency of attack remained high through L4 but declined significantly by L7. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal aggression at its onset is primarily under hormonal control, but becomes increasingly dependent upon external factors, presumably pup stimulation, during the post

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1987)13:1<29::AID-AB2480130106>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1987)13:1<45::AID-AB2480130107>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1987)13:1<47::AID-AB2480130108>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1987)13:1<::AID-AB2480130101>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY