摘要:

AbstractForty‐six female mice (CFW) were isolated for a period of 23 weeks. The effect of isolation on fighting behavior was tested weekly by introducing a naive brown female mouse into the subject's home cage. Total leucocyte counts were obtained at 8 and 14 weeks of isolation. The appearance of leucopenia was used as an index of elevated adrenocortical activity. After 23 weeks of isolation all animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Plasma was collected for corticosterone assay, and paired adrenals were used to assay catecholamine levels. On the basis of the frequency and/or the absence of fighting, the mice were segregated into fighters (n = 22) and non‐fighters (n = 17). Analysis of the data by Pearson's product moment correlation and Student's t‐test showed that elevated sympathetic‐adrenal activity was positively correlated with aggression and that elevated adrenocortical activity was negatively correlated with agg

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1976)2:1<1::AID-AB2480020102>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to determine the relatively long‐term effects of having been primed for agonistic behaviors in an arena setting, 28 male LG/J mice were observed for these behaviors in a seminatural environment for a period of 5 days following a 20 min arena test. The mice were first placed in an arena in which they were allowed either immediate physical contact with another strain (control condition) or were briefly separated from another strain by a transparent partition before being allowed physical access to them (priming condition). Subjects, recorded as either having fought or not fought in the arena, were then placed in a 101 cm square seminatural setting. Seven trials, using 8 LGs each (4 arenaexperienced males and 4 naive females), were made, and agonistic behaviors were recorded for the priming and control condition subjects. The results showed that the control condition fighters (CF) like the priming condition fighters (PF) fought in the arena situation, but different agonistic patterns in the seminatural setting were noted. While in the seminatural environment, both CF and PF mice were attacked frequently and submitted frequently, but PF mice attacked opponents more frequently than did CF subjects (p<0.025) and elicited significantly more submissions from opponent mice than did CF mice (p<0.025). It is concluded that: (1) there are more and different agonistic behavior patterns available in the more natural environment than in the arena setting, and more specifically (2) there is a greater effect on agonistic behaviors in a seminatural environment for mice that fought when exposed to the arena priming procedure as compared with mice having fought in the arena control conditio

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1976)2:1<11::AID-AB2480020103>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifteen hermaphroditic females with the adrenogenital syndrome received corrective, androgen‐suppressing therapy with cortisone from birth onward. They were studied psychologically in late adolescence and adulthood, with particular attention to a possible long‐term effect of fetal androgenization on aggressive manifestations. No such effect was evident. The girls were tomboyish in the manner previously reported for the adrenogenital syndr

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1976)2:1<19::AID-AB2480020104>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aggressive behavior of large Clibanarius vittatus against small C. vittatus was investigated. Large C. vittatus were more aggressive and showed fewer fear reactions in all conditions tested. The degree of dominance of large over small C. vittatus was much more marked and more predictable when the smaller crab occupied a Polinices rather than a Littorina shell and the large crab occupied a Littorina shell in both conditions. Evidence is given to suggest that C. vittatus reacts more to the shape than the size dimensions of a Polinices shell, and that small crabs occupying a Polinices shell are less active than other crabs occupying a Littorina shell.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1976)2:1<31::AID-AB2480020105>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAblation of the vibrissal pads in rats causes subsequent deposition of scar tissue with little or no regrowth of the vibrissae. Cauterized and intact mature male Long Evans rats were tested for shockelicited fighting, mouse killing, and colony intrusion forms of laboratory‐induced aggression. The results revealed that only conspecific social fighting is blocked by ablation of the major vibrissal follicles. Although no significant group differences were noted in tests for mouse killing, shock‐elicited paired fighting and territorial defense against a strange intruder were minimal in cauterized groups. The results emphasize the importance of specific sensory experience in reference to distinct forms of aggressive responding and support a new experimental technique for further investigation of sensory interactions with sources of aggressive behav

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1976)2:1<39::AID-AB2480020106>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIsolation‐induced intermale fighting in laboratory mice can be dramatically reduced under most circumstances by castration. This behavior in castrates may, however, be restored, or even accentuated, by androgen replacement. Experiments on the effects of sex steroids on such fighting in castrated mice, which, for want of a better term, are designated as “aggressive,” have been recently described. These mice are housed with a female until 10 days after siring a litter and are, thereafter, housed individually for a further 14 days before castration and subsequent hormone treatment. Such mice show substantial levels of fighting in “standard‐opponent” tests even before isolation. Although castration results in reduced fighting in these mice, this behavior is rarely completely abolished in all individuals. It seems likely that steroid treatment of aggressive mice maintains or intensifies an already present motivation. Treatments in these studies consisted of daily oil‐based intramuscular injections for 14 days preceding and throughout behavioral testing. The standard‐opponent tests were 7 min encounters with adult, subordinate, grouped males in the cleaned home cages of experimental mice. The steroids investigated included estradiol benzoate (EB), 19‐hydroxytestosterone (19‐OHT), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), and Sα‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT), either singly or in combination. The results suggest that (a) on a dosage basis, estrogens were at least as effective as androgens in maintaining fighting in castrated aggressive mice; (b) 19‐OHT (one of the metabolic intermediates between testosterone and 17 β‐estradiol) was also effective but somewhat less so than the same dose of EB; (c) the three naturally occurring androgens investigated all effectively maintained fighting at comparatively low doses (50 μg/day) which compares with a replacement dose of 500 μg/day of T in some studies in traditional castrated mice (e.g., Luttge and Hall, 1973); (d) aromatization is not essential for a behavioral action of androgens as DHT, a nonaromatizable androgen, maintained fighting in these mice; (e) whereas a two‐site (central motivational and peripheral penile) action seems probable in the influence of androgens on sexual behavior in castrated rats (e.g., Parrott, 1975), DHT did not augment the action of EB on fighting in castrated aggressive mice, indicating that only a central action of steroid

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1976)2:1<55::AID-AB2480020107>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was designed to extend Turner and Simons' (1974) investigation of possible experimental artifacts in aggression research. Employing a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, 60 male subjects were given either a low or high evaluation apprehension treatment, and then were either exposed or not exposed to weapons in an otherwise close replication of the seven shock‐unassociated weapons condition of Berkowitz and LePage (1967). Based on an objectively worded postexperimental questionnaire, subjects were classified as being aware or not aware that the procedures were designed to make them give more shock to their partners. The findings, which were consistent with the analysis of Berkowitz (1974) and Turner and Simons (1974), indicated that the weapons‐no weapons comparison was significant only for non‐apprehensive, nonaware subjects. The results were interpreted as suggesting that evaluation apprehension, hypothesis awareness, and sophistication in aggression experiments may produce inhibitions which can modify the effects of experimental manipu

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1976)2:1<77::AID-AB2480020108>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1976)2:1<89::AID-AB2480020109>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1976)2:1<::AID-AB2480020101>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY