ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<1::AID-AB2480140102>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe frustration‐aggression hypothesis advanced by Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, and Sears is briefly summarized and it is noted that 1) a frustration can be defined as the nonfulfillment of an expected gratification, and 2) the instigation to aggression produced by a frustration is an inclination to hostile (or angry) and not instrumental aggression. The objections to this thesis holding that only arbitrary (or illegitimate) frustrations produce aggressive reactions and/or that only controllable and intentional misdeeds give rise to anger are then examined. Evidence is reported showing that frustrations can create an instigation to aggression even when they are not arbitrary or intentionally directed at the person. However, it is argued that the frustration‐aggression hypothesis should be revised: Frustrations produce aggressive inclinations only to the extent that they are aversive and give rise to negative affect. Berkowitz's model of aversively stimulated aggression is summarized, and supporting evidence is ci

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<3::AID-AB2480140103>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA theory is presented to account for the development of habitual aggressive behavior during early childhood. It is argued that the aggressive child is one who has acquired aggressive scripts to guide behavior early in life. Once established these scripts become resistant to change and may even persist into adulthood. Aggressive scripts are acquired and maintained through both observational and enactive learning processes. These processes interact with each other as actual aggressive behavior engenders conditions under which the observation of aggressive behavior is more likely and creates conditions that provoke rather than inhibit aggression. The cumulative result is a network of cognitive scripts for social behavior emphasizing aggressive responding. A number of intervening variables may play a role in this cycle, and among the more important would seem to be popularity and academic achievement. Once encoded, the scripts for aggressive behavior may be elicited through a general activation of memory or by specific cues to which the person is exposed. Some of the most potent cues should be those present when the script was encoded, though any aggressive cue may trigger the retrieval of an aggressive script. Thus, observed violence not only provides scripts for future behavior but also triggers the recall of existing aggressive scripts. If these scripts are rehearsed, their recall in the future will be more likely. If undampened, this cumulative learning process can build enduring schemas for aggressive behavior that persist into adulthood.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<13::AID-AB2480140104>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper asks whether biological factors play a causal role in violent criminal offending. We consider the research on genetic influence and find no evidence of hereditary transmission of violent criminal behavior. There is considerable evidence, however, that violent delinquent and adult offenders exhibit an elevated frequency of brain damage. Potential sources of this brain damage exist in the prenatal and perinatal course of development.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<25::AID-AB2480140105>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA time continum of levels of explanation is offered ranging from distal, evolutionary analyses, through trait and social learning perspectives, to proximate cognitive and situational accounts. While most research has been carried out from proximal perspectives, this paper considers data from each of the levels and concludes with a theory of moral development based on evolutionarily derived r/K reproductive strategies. When aggression is assessed using aggregate procedures, 1) consistent patterns of individual differences exist, forming part of a broad syndrome of moral behavior; 2) group differences in aggression emerge such that females

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<35::AID-AB2480140106>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper explores interdependences between cognitive and excitatory processes that concur during experiences of acute anger and the performance of aggressive actions, and it develops the implications of these interdependencies for anger and aggression. Specifically, the influence of cognitive processes on the time course of excitatory activity (mainly, sympathetic dominance in the autonomic nervous system), on anger, and on aggressive behavior is projected from theory and documented with pertinent research findings. The influence of different and changing levels of excitatory activity on cognitive functioning (mainly, the appraisal and reappraisal of endangerments), on anger, and on aggressive behavior is likewise derived from theory and documented with empirical research. Special attention is given to the anger‐ and aggression‐diminishing capacity of the cognitive reassessment of endangering conditions, and to impulsive destructive behaviors that result from the transitory impairment of cognitive functioning at extreme levels of excitat

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<51::AID-AB2480140107>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<65::AID-AB2480140108>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<66::AID-AB2480140109>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<69::AID-AB2480140110>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1<73::AID-AB2480140111>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY