摘要:

AbstractMale Siamese fighting fish continued to approach visual stimuli associated with conspecifics in the absence of opportunities to perform threat displays or to attack. Dominant fish performed more operant responses than subordinates when such responses led to the appearance of their own mirror images, and all fish learned to delay their threat displays if these resulted in disappearance of the mirror image. In a second experiment, subjects overwhelmingly preferred to view conspecifics (to whom they frequently displayed) compared to no stimulus or members of other species (to whom they did not display). The functions of threat displays in aggressive encounters is discussed.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<1::AID-AB2480100102>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aggressive behavior of two selectively bred rat strains (high “H” and low “L” emotional reactivity) and their reciprocal F1 and F2 hybrids were measured during three consecutive days in home‐cage intruder tests. In terms of biting, bite latency, on‐top‐of and aggressive grooming, L males were more aggressive than H and F1 males. There was no difference between H and F1, nor between HLF1 and LHF1 with the exception that LHF1 showed more on‐top‐of. About one fourth of F2 males were equal to or more aggressive than L in terms of bite latency and number of bites. These findings suggest that aggressiveness was inherited as a recessive, monogenic tr

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<11::AID-AB2480100103>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMice descending from lines previously selected for high and low levels of interfemale aggression and from a nonselected control line were exposed to live crickets on two consecutive test days. Latencies both to attack and to eat the cricket were recorded. No line or sex differences in attacking were found, although latency to attack decreased over test days. Control line mice were more likely to engage in the eating of the cricket than either the high or low selected lines, suggesting that the selection procedure may have dissociated attacking and eating components of predatory behavior.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<21::AID-AB2480100104>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA brief account is presented of a study of irrational factors in the present situation of violence between the Basque Provinces and the rest of Spain. A description of attitudes and irrational factors is based on the results of over 700 interviews in Euzkadi, Spain, and France with people drawn from the entire socioeconomic, military, administrative and political spectrum.

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<27::AID-AB2480100105>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHutchinson has recently [1983] suggested that the pain‐aggression hypothesis can account for fighting behaviors of rats in natural or seminatural settings: Specifically, this viewpoint questions the validity of a distinction between offensive and defensive behaviors which holds that pain‐produced attack is a component of the defense pattern.We argue that the distinction between offense and defense is based on many analytic points, including history and present circumstances of the behaving animal, differential domestication effects on the two behavior systems, and differential effects of manipulation of a number of independent variables, including brain lesions and stimulation, drugs and hormones, and alterations in the level of fear. Also, offensive and defensive behaviors are not merely different: They involve systematic patterns of back‐attack (offense) and back‐defense aimed at enabling or preventing, respectively, bites at a particular target (the opponent's back) which is specific to offensive attack. Both the target site for offensive attack and the behavior patterns of offense and defense are to a considerable degree preprogrammed in rats, and may be seen in socially naive animals under appropriate circumstances. Finally, the offense‐defense distinction may be made in species other than the rat, and in a variety of natural and laboratory situations. The distinction may not, therefore, be rationally viewed as a misinterpretation of the fighting behaviors of rats in a colony situation.Hutchinson defends the pain‐aggression hypothesis by means of an “alternative functional account” giving sequential and dyadic behaviors of fighting rats. However, crucial behavior descriptions of this scenario are strikingly at variance with our detailed records of social interactions in colonies and habitats, and appear to reflect a “best‐case scenario” rather than actual data. The “alternative functional account” thus appears to be without substance as a basis for interpretat

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<33::AID-AB2480100106>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between aggression and predation was surveyed in Red wood ants, in the field as well as under laboratory conditions. Aggression between wood ant nests is highest in early spring, and many wood ant wars break out then. The end of these wars coincides with a strong increase in prey density. Since the casualties are taken as food to the warring nests, a hypothesis is formulated that warfare between wood ant nests only occurs in periods when prey demand exceeds the supply. Protein‐rich food in early spring is mainly for the benefit of the queens and the sexual larvae. Although the most obvious function of warfare is the defence of a foraging area, the main function may be the advancement of the mating flight dates of the queens in order to make the chance of propagating their genes greates

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<47::AID-AB2480100107>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreweaning exposure to cricket killing and consumption, but not consumption alone, facilitated postweaning cricket predation. This facilitatory effect did not result from kill‐sharing by the parents or from food competition among the offspring. The results were strongly influenced by litter size. Small litters (N = 3–4) were strongly facilitated in all measures of predatory behavior when compared to litters of five to six mice. Since smaller litters of this species also show much higher levels of play behavior, it is suggested that play frequency may strongly facilitate later predatory behav

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<55::AID-AB2480100108>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe behavioral response of established colonies of domesticated rats to the presence of an unfamiliar intruder of the same species represents one of the most effective procedures yet developed to study aggression in the laboratory. Here, the social, experiential, and environmental variables that influence attack severity are reviewed and several important methodological issues are discussed. Brief exposures of intruders to intact colonies may produce misleading results but long‐term test sessions increase the likelihood that intruders will be either killed or severely injured. We describe a simple modification of the colony‐intruder procedure whereby intruders can successfully defend themselves during long sessions and thus reduce serious injury. The modified procedure appears to conform more closely to what happens during aggressive encounters in free‐living populations of wild

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<59::AID-AB2480100109>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<73::AID-AB2480100110>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0096-140X    

DOI:10.1002/1098-2337(1984)10:1<75::AID-AB2480100111>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY