ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Binding patterns of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to P1, Pk, N, I, H, Y or A antigens were visualized in the backscatter electron imaging mode of a scanning electron microscope by indirect immunogold labelling. Experiments were performed at room temperature (RT) and at 4°C. In experiments with anti‐P1and anti‐Pk, clusters of immunolabelling particles dominated the immunolabelling pattern much more at RT than at 4°C. By contrast, no clustering was seen with anti‐N, even at RT. Clustering was also observed at RT with anti‐I, anti‐H and anti‐Y, and on some Axand A3cells with anti‐A, but was much reduced at 4°C. Immunolabelling was stronger at 4°C than at RT with all mAb except anti‐N and anti‐A. The results indicate that glycolipid blood group antigens are more mobile in the membrane of intact erythrocytes at RT than at 4°C, and that the cells bind more antibodies to such antigens at 4°C than at RT. We suggest that antigen immobilization in the cold will reduce cross‐linking of antigens and hence increase the number of antibody molecules needed for epitope saturation, leading to increased binding of antibody in the cold. This may be the main reason for cold‐enhanced agglutination with h

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.The human erythrocyte membrane contains four sialoglycoproteins, denoted α, β, γ and δ (also known as glycophorins A, C, D and B respectively), of which α‐sialoglycoprotein (α‐SGP) is the most predominant species. The extracellular portion of α‐SGP is heavily glycosylated with approximately 15 O‐linked carbohydrate side‐chains and a singleN‐linked group.We have used inhibitors of carbohydrate trimming enzymes to investigate the contribution of this singleN‐glycan moiety towards the recognition of a range of antibody binding sites on α‐SGP. Two erythromyeloid cell lines, K562 and HEL, were cultured in the presence of these inhibitors and altered binding of antibodies to epitopes adjacent to theN‐glycan was observed. Digoxigenin‐coupled lectins were used to stain cytocentrifuge preparations and Western blots of cell lysates in order to confirm that modification ofN‐linked carbohydrate side‐chains had been achieved. We suggest that theN‐glycan side chain of α‐SGP has a role in conferring conformational stability upo

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.We describe platelet alloimmunization which caused severe thrombocytopenia in a neonate and could only be detected by testing the father's platelets. The platelet‐specific antibodies were identified by a monoclonal antibody‐immobilized platelet protein assay (MAIPA) using monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa complex (AP2 and 2G12). The previously described alloantigen systems on the GPIIbIIIa complex (HPA 1, HPA 3 or HPA 4) were not responsible for the reaction. In addition the newly described private platelet antigen Srawas not identical to the antigen. The antigen is therefore different from all known platelet alloantigens and was designated Vaa. The antigen was present on the platelets of the affected child. Family studies showed that the platelet antigen was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait in three generations. No Va (a+) individuals were found in a population study of 250 blood donors, which indicates that the antigen is of low frequency in the Finnish population. The Va antigen was not detectable by immunoblot analysis, which suggests that the epitope may not be a linear peptide structure. The antigen was also destroyed by solubilization of platelets. Thrombin activation of platelets, known to increase the expression of GPIIbIIIa on platelets, did not increase the number of binding sites for anti‐Vaaantibodies to the extent observed with anti‐HPA la

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.The relationship between the 1 and 20 h post‐transfusion platelet count and three parameters used to define refractory transfusions, namely the corrected increment (CI), platelet increment (PI), and percentage platelet recovery (%REC), was studied in 437 non‐HLA matched platelet transfusions given to 102 patients with bone marrow failure. The percentage agreement between common definitions of refractoriness was calculated based on these parameters. As the maintenance of platelet counts above 20 times 109/1 is a relevant clinical goal for platelet support, the values of the CI, PI and %REC, which best corresponded to 1‐ and 20‐h post‐transfusion counts of 20 times 109/1, were identified. A 1‐h post‐transfusion CI<3 (PI<7 times 109/1 or % REC<8%) corresponded to clinically unsuccessful transfusions with a 1‐h platelet count<20 times 109/1. A 1‐h CI≥5.5 (PI≥12 times 109/1 or %REC≥14%) corresponded to clinically successful transfusions with a 20‐h post‐transfusion count of ≥20 times 10/1. These data tie together the end points reported in the literature for def

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a lifesaving therapy for neonatal pulmonary hypertension but carries a significant risk for transfusion‐related complications. Packed red blood cell (PRBC) and platelet exposure were quantified and reviewed in 17 ECMO survivors prior (Group I,n= 9) and subsequent to (Group II,n= 8) changes in transfusion protocols. Blood product requirements included ECMO circuit priming, maintenance of haematocrit>0.40 or platelet count>50 times 109/1, and colloid volume expansion. Group I was exposed to 13.8±10.2 (x±SD) different PRBC units. In Group II, multiple transfusions from single donor units decreased exposure 71% to 3.9±0.7 units (P<0.05). Decreases in blood withdrawn (11%) and transfusion volume (7%) were coincident with a 15% reduction in mean bypass time. Platelet volume transfusion decreased from 159±213 to 93±64 ml using volume‐reduced platelet packs. Total transfusion exposure decreased 59% from 20.8±17.8 units to 8.6±2.4 donor units. No transfusion complications occurred during the aggregate 1,926 h on bypass.We conclude that neonates on ECMO have a significant transfusion exposure risk increasing with prolonged duration of ECMO therapy. In addition we noted that concentrated platelet packs decreased transfusion volume by 41%, and multiple PRBC transfusions from single donor units decreased donor exposure by 71% while both strategies decreased the overall transfusion exposure r

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.A National Register of transfusion‐transmitted infections was opened by the French Society of Blood Transfusion on 1 October, 1986. Out of 54 initially reported cases of HIV‐infection, allegedly transmitted by blood components, further investigation could be completed in 33 cases. The transfusional origin of contamination was considered as established or probable in 28/33 cases, either because a potentially infectious unit was identified among those transfused to the recipient (23/28), or because the recipient was known to be seronegative before transfusion (5/28), or both (10/28). In 5/33 cases transfusion was considered as presumably responsible for contamination because no other risk factor was found in the recipient.Among the 33 documented cases of HIV‐transmission by screened blood, 29 (88%) occurred between 1985 and 1987, and four (12%) during 1988.Out of 19 implicated donors later found seropositive, 16 belonged to a high‐risk group for HIV‐infection. The majority of HIV‐infections occurred as a consequence of blood donation in the window period between contamination and the appearance of detectable antibodies in the donor's serum (11/19). In three instances, however, human and operational errors led to the release of seropositive units.We conclude that the main value of this Register is to provide a potential trend‐indicator of transfusion‐related infectious risks, to allow objective documentation of reported cases and to contribute to the improvement of blood trans

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Fresh frozen plasma should only be used to treat bleeding episodes or prepare patients for surgery in certain defined situations.Definite indications for the use of FFP1 Replacement of single coagulation factor deficiencies, where a specific or combined factor concentrate is unavailable.2 Immediate reversal of warfarin effect.3 Acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).4 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).Conditional uses: FFP only indicated in the presence of bleeding and disturbed coagulation1 Massive transfusion.2 Liver disease.3 Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.4 Special paediatric indications.No justification for the use of FFP1 Hypovolaemia.2 Plasma exchange procedures.3 ‘Formula’ replacement.4 Nutritional support.5 Treatme

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY