ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Routine antenatal Rh immunopro‐phylaxis would substantially increase the use of anti‐D Ig in the U.K. As availability of anti‐D Ig is one factor influencing a decision to introduce routine antenatal prophylaxis, a trial was undertaken to test the efficacy of a lower dose of anti‐D Ig than that used in earlier studies. RhD‐negative primigravidae were randomized as controls or recipients of two doses of 250 iu of anti‐D Ig given at 28 and 34 weeks gestation. Blood samples were tested at delivery and at 6 months postpartum for the presence of immune anti‐D, and again later if results were equivocal. Nine (1.5%) out of 595 control patients had immune anti‐D at follow‐up at 6 months and later; 4 (0.78%) of 513 treated women were immunized. It was concluded that, while two doses of 250 iu of anti‐D Ig may reduce allo‐immunization, they are not as effective as two doses of 500 i

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Therapeutic anti‐D immunoglobulin preparations issued by the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, between 1980 and 1986, were evaluated usingin‐vitroFc‐mediated functional tests that reflect potentialin‐vivomechanisms of specific red cell destruction and clearance. All batches tested were found to: (a) contain anti‐D of mainly IgGl subclass and lesser amounts of IgG3; (b) mediate lymphocyte and monocyte rosetting; and (c) produce lytic activity in both K cell and monocyte ADCC. The functional activity of the therapeutic immunoglobulin preparations over this period of production had not altered despite increased plasma contributions latterly to the pool from deliberately immunized male donors. This is the firstin‐vitrostudy of the Fc‐mediated function of therapeutic polyclonal anti‐D preparations. As these preparations were clinically effective in the prophylactic anti‐D programme, such bioassays of FcRI/II and FcRIII activity are justified for the future evaluation of immune plasma before blending for fractionation and production of therapeutic anti

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.This report describes the case of a patient with a history of HDN complicated by fetal losses, in which the alloantibody in this particular pregnancy did not appear to cause HDNin utero.No protective HLA‐DR antibodies could be demonstrated, and transport of IgG across the placenta appeared to be normal. The infant's red cells possessed a normal D antigen and his mononuclear phagocyte system appeared unimpaired. However, the number of molecules of IgG boundin vivoper fetal red cell was below the level usually associated with significant haemolysis and HD

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Anti‐c is an important Rh antibody that causes haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). We have carried out a retrospective analysis of the clinical outcome of pregnancy in 120 mothers with anti‐c. Of these, 100 gave birth to c‐positive infants, of whom 14 had severe HDN requiring exchange transfusion. In all of these, the maternal level was 9.5iu/ml or greater. Of the 29 women with anti‐c levels of 9.5iu/ml or above, in addition to the 14 with severely affected infants, 15 had infants requiring only phototherapy or no treatment. Our observations suggest that when the anti‐c level is below 7.5iu/ml, the fetus is unlikely to be seriously affected and invasive obstetric intervention is unnecessary.Of the 120 women studied, 50% had had a blood transfusion, in most cases for obstetric complications in a previous pregnancy. Although it was not possible to attribute alloimmunization to blood transfusion rather than previous pregnancy in any individual case, this observation points to the value of routine c typing as part of antenatal screening, so that c‐negative blood can

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Papain, bromelin and ficin can be standardized by the casein method for use in red blood cell antibody screening tests. The minimal and optimal enzyme activity for detecting blood group antibodies in donors, using the new Automated Pre‐Transfusion Blood Testing System Olympus PK7200 by the two‐stage method for all three enzymes, is one casein unit. One casein unit of proteinase activity changed the red blood cell surface charge to a low plateau value as measured by electrophoretic mobility and sialic acid content, and removed sterically inhibiting structures of surface protein as detected by SDS

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.A ‘Confidential AIDS Questionnaire’ has been used at North London Blood Transfusion Centre (NLBTC) donor sessions since July, 1985. The aim of the questionnaire is to encourage self‐exclusion by those donors whose behaviour puts them at risk of HIV infection. In a situation where such individuals cannot avoid donating they can indicate, in confidence, that their blood should not be used for transfusion. Since the introduction of this procedure, an average of 10 donors per month, who admitted relevant risk behaviour, have been permanently excluded and a number of prospective donors have excluded themselves when faced with the questionnaire. We have found the questionnaire to be well accepted by donors. It is a useful adjunct to routine donor selection and microbiological testing of donations in our efforts to minimize transfusion‐transmitted in

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.An analysis was performed of the microbiological laboratory quality control data for the past 9 years (1985–1993). Bacterial contamination was detected in 100 of 25,171 tested blood components. Single‐donor platelet concentrates had a contamination incidence of 25 in 5889 (0.42%); whole blood samples were contaminated at a rate of 1 in 2973 (0.03%) and red cell concentrates at a rate of 73 in 15, 317 (0.48%); of 992 samples of fresh frozen plasma only 1 was contaminated (0.1%). Gram‐positive staphylococci comprised 75% of cases and Gram‐negative rods 10%. This frequency of laboratory‐detected bacterial contamination contrasts with the low rate of transfusion‐associated septica

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.PDF 417, a two‐dimensional barcode, was used as a portable data file to transfer key information on blood units and delivery documentation between two Regional Blood Transfusion Centres. Multiple Codabar messages currently displayed on blood packs, as well as other useful information, i.e. microbiology conformance, were encoded in a 45‐character single PDF barcode. The delivery note which accompanied each consignment of blood consisted of a series of PDF barcodes, each representing 20 blood units. Computer validation showed 100% reconciliation of PDF data with Codabar data. Readability of the code was excellent with a greater than 98% first‐pass read rate. The delivery note PDF barcode identified eight operator errors which would have been undetected by the present manual system. We conclude that PDF 417 is an effective, secure and space efficient means of transfering data associated with the transfer of

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.The transfusion records of 122 urological patients who had deposited one or more units of autologous blood were analysed. The 95 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were arbitrarily divided into two cohorts (the first 47 patients enrolled, and the last 48 enrolled) to assess changes in use of blood. The avoidance of allogeneic transfusion in radical prostatectomy was 64% in the first cohort studied, and increased to 81% in the second. There was a significant decline in the mean absolute amounts of blood used from 4.47 to 2.54 units per patient from the first to second cohorts. Introduction of an autologous blood donor programme has been associated with a reduction in total blood use for radical prostatectomy, and a decrease in the number of patients exposed to allogeneic blood. The validity of an autologous blood‐order schedule of 3 units for radical prostatectomy is supporte

ISSN:0958-7578    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3148.1995.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY