ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGround water, being essentially free of salt and suspended matter, generally free of contamination from chemical and bacterial waste and relatively stable in temperature, is attractive to industries, municipalities, farmers and urbanized society in Saskatchewan. However, ground‐water reservoirs are difficult to locate and evaluate and ground water tends to be highly mineralized when compared to surface water. Suspected ground‐water reservoirs do not represent a capital asset until they are proven up, at least partially, and catalogued.It is possible that some 2 × 108million gallons of water are stored in the glacial drift beneath southern Saskatchewan. Pumpage of ground water was about 50 million gallons per day in 1963, or about 1.8 × 104million gallons per year. If we were to prospect as diligently and as successfully for ground water throughout southern Saskatchewan as we already have to locate 14 million gallons per day around many of our cities, towns and villages, theoretically we should locate another 486 million gallons per day of recoverable ground water.Because present pumpage of ground water is small, the ground‐water reservoir in southern Saskatchewan is still essentially full. However, the amount of usable ground water actually recoverable will remain difficult to estimate reliably until we receive more refined information on amounts of ground‐water recharge and on the dependable productive capabilities of some of our Province's major aquifers.Most municipal ground‐water supplies in Saskatchewan contain total dissolved solids in the order of 500 to 1500 parts per million. Hardness usually falls in the 200 to 900 parts per million range; alkalinity is regularly below 600 parts per million and iron below 6 parts per million. While waters in many aquifers in the lower part of the glacial drift and in the underlying bedrock in Saskatchewan are often very highly mineralized, this water is customarily suitable for stock‐watering purposes. There is great need in Saskatchewan for the development of a small‐unit demineralizer that is within the budget of the average farmer.Aquifers in Saskatchewan most suitable for development include surficial sand and gravel, sand and gravel in buried bedrock valleys and other sand and gravel within the glacial drift. High salinity, low permeability, customary great depth below ground surface, difficult and costly drilling, and difficult and costly well construction and well development make bedrock aquifers unattractive except for certain types of industries that can use inferior quality water.There is much merit in following a systematic and scientific procedure when trying to locate ground‐water supplies. Any sequence of steps or phases followed must consider the elements of economy, quality of work, speed and efficiency. Mathematical and electric analog models are useful when trying to forecast the long‐term dependable yields of aquifers under differ

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIf earthquakes are recorded on your water‐level charts, you can make your own estimate of earthquake magnitudes! As an aid in doing this, this paper presents two graphs: one to calculate distance from well to earthquake epicenter; the other, a nomogram from which to read hydroseismic magnitude plus log C. Examples given show (1) direct computation of ms+ log C, (2) use of aftershocks to estimate total water‐level fluctuation caused by a major earthquake (when the recorder drum has spun around or when reversals cover up the record), and (3) how to determine if aftershocks theoretically should have been recorded.Hydroseismic magnitudeis the surface‐wave magnitude (Ms) calculated from seismically induced water‐level fluctuations in wells. As yet it must be computed indirectly from ms+ log C but because log C is a variable the result is only approximate. Log C is believed to represent a resultant controlled by magnification, period of the surface waves, instrumental frictions, well lag, and resonance if the well is unde

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRelatively simple and inexpensive qualitative hydrologic models have been found by the authors to serve as an extremely effective means of demonstrating the interrelationship of various hydrologic factors and their resultant effect upon each other to persons not familiar with this subject. The models consist of clear plastic tanks mounted on a vertical display board made of plywood. The tanks are connected with hoses. Flow of water is regulated by surgical clamps on the hoses. Vegetable dye is used in the water to differentiate among waters from various sources. The models have been extremely useful in lawsuits related to water supplies which were tried before juries.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGround water has emerged from a quantitatively minor (though incalculably valuable) source meeting widespread small‐scale needs to a source that is meeting a substantial percentage of the nation's total water demand and is capable of doing even more than it is. At the same time, many scientific, economic, legal, and managerial problems stand in the way of full development and must be solved if ground water is to make its maximum contribution to the nation's welfare.In recent decades ground water has accounted for something between one‐fifth and one‐sixth of the nation's total withdrawal use of water, which was about 170 billion gallons per day (bgd) in 1950, 240 bgd in 1955, and 270 bgd in 1960. As the total demand increases (estimates by the Senate Select Committee on National Water Resources, perhaps somewhat optimistic, call for 559 bgd in 1980 and 888 bgd in 2000), the fraction taken from the ground may go up or down or stay about the same, but the absolute withdrawal of ground water cannot help increasing. Furthermore, underground aquifers will play an increasingly important role as storage reservoirs for surplus surface water, through artificial recharge.Well drillers, as producers of both the ground water itself and much of the basic information needed for scientific prediction of the behavior of complex hydrologic systems, will play a key part in man's efforts to dominate his water problems before they dominat

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe 88th Congress has passed more landmark legislation in the conservation field than any preceding Congress. This seems to indicate a badly needed awakening of concern on the part of the American public for the preservation of its environment and a growing awareness that our soil, water, and atmosphere are only components of an integrated coherent environment that must be kept in balance in all of its aspects.One good example of recently passed legislation is the Water Resources Research Act of 1964, which will be administered by the Department of the Interior. This bill provides three important programs: an annual allotment to state water resources research centers plus two other programs in the nature of contracts and grants, matching or otherwise to state research centers and to other qualified research institutions, foundations, individuals, and agencies. Other important aspects of the bill include the training of scientists in hydrology.Another bill, the S. 1111 or Water Resources Planning Bill, being considered by Congress, would, by means of a Water Research Council, serve to coordinate all water resource purposes and use all components of the resource base in unified plans for river basins, combinations of basins, and sub‐basins. This commission would provide assurance that the valid interests of every state are given full recognition by the action agencies of the federal government and the states having comparable program

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY