ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEstimates can be made of the distances to hydrologic boundaries by using water‐level measurements from pumping wells and by assuming in each case the possible range of the coefficient of storage. Interpretation of pumping test data from Well 6 (J‐13) at the Nevada Test Site implies that a fault 1200 feet from the well acts as the closest of the impermeable boundaries. In a case where no boundary has been felt the areal extent or volume of rocks affecting the drawdown pattern of a well can be estimated by assuming that a hypothetical boundary is just about to be felt at the time pumping stop

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Observations of temperature, pll, specific conduction, and discharge, and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium. lithium, and sodium in the discharge of a flowing well reveal that geochemistry of aquifers should be based on sample wells which have been allowed to discharge for an extended period.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe relation between water quality and water movement within the ground‐water reservoir may be better understood if studies of flow systems are used in conjunction with hydrochemical methods. Within small watersheds, local, intermediate, and regional flow systems may develop, depending upon the shape, the relief, and the thickness of the ground‐water reservoir. Lateral and vertical variations of water quality in the ground‐water reservoir reflect the difference in length of flow paths within a system. The relative ion concentration of the major ions in solution in ground waters change as water moves from recharge areas to discharge areas. These changes are used to interpret the direction and rate of ground‐water movement.Ground‐water types mapped in the Two Rivers watershed of northwestern Minnesota indicate that calcium bicarbonate type water occurs near the source of recharge and progressively changes to the sulfate type as water moves downgradient toward the discharge area. Local recharge areas are indicated by the greater penetration of calcium bicarbonate waters into the ground‐water reservoir. The calcrum bicarbonate type water of surface streams during low flow indicates that water moves into the stream from the upper part of the ground‐water reservoir. Chloride type water moves from the Paleozoic rocks and mixes with water in the glacial drift probably at places where permeable zones in the Paleozoic rocks are in contact with the ov

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intensively irrigated Arkansas River Valley in Colorado is underlain by a valley‐fill aquifer resting in a U‐shaped trough cut in relatively impermeable Cretaceous rocks. Ground water is pumped to supplement surface water; in the last 10 years pumping has more than doubled. Ground water is closely related to the Arkansas River; percolation from irrigation recharges the aquifer, which discharges into the river. Pumping has resulted in a reduction in streamflow because it intercepts water that ordinarily would have reached the river. The 1,500 irrigation wells in the Arkansas Valley withdrew 230,000 acre‐feet of water in 1964.An analog model is being used to evaluate the relation of ground water to surface water and to predict effects of changes in water management. The model, simulating a 150‐mile reach of the Arkansas Valley (Pueblo to the State line), has a resistor spacing of 8 per modeled mile. The framework for the model was a transmissibility map; transmissibility ranges from less than 50,000 to 700,000 gallons per day per foot. Specific yield averages about 0.2. Hydrologic boundaries, such as the Arkansas River, and the bedrock valley‐fill contact were simulated. Applied water, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and ground‐water pumping were the independent variables programed. The model is being verified by comparing predicted changes in water level and river discharge with obser

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study of the geometry of limestone solution is based on the following conditions: (1) the limestone is impermeable but contains and transmits water in joints, fractures, bedding‐plane partings, and solution channels; (2) at depth, the limestone aquifer is underlain by impermeable rock; (3) ground water in the limestone is under water‐table conditions; (4) recharge to the limestone is by infiltration of precipitation through the overlying rock to the zone of saturation; (5) discharge from the aquifer is by seeps and springs; and (6) ground water dissolves the limestone through which it flows, continuously modifying the flow pattern and the hydrologic properties of the medium. These conditions commonly are found in limestone terranes in the eastern and central United States. An electrical analog was constructed conforming to this description of the ground‐water flow system and has been used to define the pattern, velocity, and density of ground‐water flow and the relative length of time of contact of water with the aquifer. Successive models are used to illustrate progressive limestone solution and changes in ground‐water flow in the aquifer. The initial analog indicates a strongly convex water table with the greatest density of flow at shallow depths beneath the water table near the point of discharge. Successive models indicate greater concentration of flow near and on the level of ground‐water discharge, an overall lowering of the water table, and a pronounced flattening of the water table near the discharge point.Results of the analog study support the following conclusions:(1) The most active zone of solution is at shallow depths beneath the water table and near the point of ground‐water discharge. Consequently, the size of channels generally decreases with depth and increases with proximity to the point of ground‐water discharge.(2) Generally, solution channels have a greater lateral than

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA systematic investigation of the steady‐state discharge to wells that partially penetrate a homogeneous and isotropic non‐leaky artesian aquifer was made using an electrolyte‐tank model. The experimental results were compared with the discharge calculated by methods developed by several previous writers. This comparison showed that the formula of Li, Bock, and Benton (1954) gave the most reliable results over the widest range of the appropriate geometric vari

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCriteria and formulas are presented for scheduling cyclic pumping operations, to maintain a given minimum drawdown as required for drainage purposes. Keeping the total cycle length constant, the pumping periods are successively shortened and the shutoff periods lengthened. Solutions of the equation for the relative length of the shutoff periods are presented in a family of curves, which greatly simplifies the scheduling procedure.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is presented for computing maximum drawdown in a well being pumped intermittently but in accordance with a regular sequence of fixed periods of pumping at constant discharge followed by fixed periods of rest. The method is extended to allow for interruption of the basic pattern by occasional changes such as the elimination of the pumping phase from certain individual cycles.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1967.tb01240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY