摘要:

ABSTRACTComparison of the hydrologic and geologic characteristics of the Gallup Sandstone (Late Cretaceous) has shown that its aquifer properties, the movement of its ground water, and the variation in its water quality are subject to considerable geologic control. This control is imposed mainly by the distribution of seven progradational sandstone bodies which make up the Gallup. These fluvial and marine sandstone bodies were deposited along the shore of a northeast‐regressing sea. The two transmissivity zones recognized have the same trend as that of the upper marine sandstone bodies (northwest‐southeast), and transmissivity decreases northeast of the pinch‐out of the lower marine sandstone bodies. Ground‐water flow is variously controlled by geologic structure, the geometry and orientation of the marine sandstones, and the position of the northeast limit of the Gallup Sandstone. Concentration of dissolved solids, as reflected by specific conductance, is controlled in part by distance from recharge area and in part by the distribution of transmissivity. The types of geologic control determined for the Gallup should apply to other Cretaceous, marine‐sandstone aquifers in the San Juan Basin, and, in a general way, to ancient shorezone deposits

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTChloride pollution of ground water was discovered in 1953 downgradient of seepage pits and wells used for disposal of waste waters. An ice plant and water softening plant at the Fresno railroad yard were the sources of pollution. A plume of polluted ground water was delineated, and the discharge from the major source (the water softening plant) was stopped in 1953. Sampling in the late 1970's indicated that high chloride contents were still present in ground water downgradient of the railroad yard. The plume expanded both vertically and horizontally in the aquifer, from a volume of about 1,500 acre‐feet (1.85 million cubic meters) in 1953 to 15,000 acre‐feet (18.5 million cubic meters) in 1979. Trilinear diagram plots of waste waters and ground water indicate that waste water from the ice plant continued to produce an impact into the 1970's. Recharge from canal seepage has created an important boundary, particularly on the west side of the plume. The rate of ground‐water flow, calculated on the basis of the advance of the chloride front, was about 200 feet (61 meters) per year, in close agreement with estimates based on water‐level slope and aquifer par

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSprings with observed yields totalling about 10,000 gal/min discharge along both sides of the Colorado River in Marble Canyon, Arizona, between river miles 30 and 34.5. The waters originate from the plateaus on the respective sides of the canyon and are conducted to the floor of the canyon along the Fence fault zone or associated fractures. Chemical quality and temperature data demonstrate that some of the water discharging from springs on the west bank actually originates east of the river. This water flows under the Colorado River in the Fence fault zone, where it mixes with water from the west side before discharging from springs along the west bank. This is an unusual occurrence for the area and results because the heads at the springs along the west bank are the lowest in the circulation system associated with the fault.

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTConsiderable changes in water quality have been observed in ground water pumped from wells in quaternary formations in Poland. These changes include increases in dissolved calcium, sulfate, iron and manganese.Experimental results indicate that dissolved‐solids' increases are influenced by the introduction of oxygen into the hydrogeochemical environment during pumping.The oxidation of sulfur compounds produces acid, which increases the solubility of numerous chemical compounds. Bacterial catalysis of some reactions is indicate

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHydraulic anisotropic behavior was determined for the Sawyer‐A and Anderson coal aquifers (Tongue River Member of Paleocene Fort Union Formation) by five‐well and four‐well aquifer tests, respectively. The average maximum hydraulic conductivity of 0.65 m/d (2.13 ft/d) for the Sawyer‐A coal aquifer bears N. 85° E. The average minimum hydraulic conductivity, which is perpendicular to the maximum, is 0.26 m/d (0.85 ft/d). Aquifer heterogeneity in the form of poorly developed coal cleat is believed to be responsible for a wide range of principal‐axis orientations determined by a five‐well test performed on the Sawyer‐A coal aquifer. The maximum hydraulic conductivity of the Anderson coal aquifer is 0.20 m/d (0.66 ft/d) and bears N. 32° W. The minimum hydraulic conductivity is 0.07 m/d (0.23 ft/d). When coal cleat orientation and development are unknown, a five‐well aquifer test proves more beneficial than a four‐well test in analyzing the reliability of the results.Well storage and aquifer dewatering affected the drawdowns of the pumped well during both tests. However, such effects were minimal, as indicated by drawdowns in observation wells at a distance as small as 13m (44 ft) from the pumped well. Average hydraulic conductivity determined from drawdowns observed at the pumped wells alone were lower than average values determined from a mul

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIf past ground‐water movement in the vicinity of contamination could be shown pictorially, determination of the extent of contamination would be facilitated significantly. Furthermore, if pictorial representation of future ground‐water movement under presumed conditions reflecting alternative plans of contaminant removal or containment could be provided rapidly, an effective plan could be developed speedily and thus economically. A flow path and arrival time plot, which is developed through the use of a flow system kinematics mathematical model, provides such visualization of ground‐water movement. Contrary to the popular notion that the kinematics model requires much more geohydrologic datathan the finite difference or element models, it was found that meaningful kinematics models could be developed based on relatively limited data. Presented in this paper are: a brief description of the development of flow path and arrival time plots, information obtainable from such plots, an example of the use of the plots in determining the extent of contamination of ground water, and an example of the use of the plots in formulating a contaminant removal

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTNine electrode arrays were examined under controlled laboratory conditions to evaluate their relative efficiency with regard to time and space requirements, and with regard to effective prediction of subsurface conditions in electrical resistivity surveys. Of the nine investigated, the Wenner and a modification thereof (“Modified Wenner”) were selected for field testing and comparison. To a limited extent the Schlumberger array also was compared.Field testing of the three chosen arrays suggested the superiority of the Modified Wenner over the Wenner array in reliability of data obtained under most conditions examined, speed of completion of a survey and minimal straight‐line distance required for a 100‐foot (30.5‐meter) depth survey. Insufficient data were gathered with the Schlumberger array for proper comparison with the other two arrays.Subsurface conditions predicted by resistivity data were confirmed by subsurface projections of geological features suggested by previous surficial mapping, by drillers'records and by seismic refrac

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA four‐year case study evaluation of the ground‐water availability in a small multiaquifer basin in northern Delaware has been performed to determine the hydrologic conditions when pumpage approaches the expected long‐term basin‐wide rate of ground‐water recharge. The basin is located in the Piedmont physiographic province and includes rocks of the Cockeysville marble and Wissahickon schist.Only about one‐third of the basin (the marble area) contains favorable geologic conditions for large production well development (∼ 1 MGD/well); however, the entire basin serves as a recharge area for the marble sector. Themanageablestorage area is limited to the marble area; consequently, accurate ground‐water recharge and storage characteristics of this basin are critical to maximizing the long‐term yield while minimizing adverse impacts of pumpage. The analysis was performed using the Thornthwaite‐Mather water balance accounting procedure to determine the long‐term significance of

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Commission of European Communities has completed the evaluation of the ground‐water resources of the Community. Directed by the author, the study is the first multinational water resources evaluation, performed by nine consultants representing the nine Member States. Comprising 152 maps at the scale of 1/500,000 and ten reports, it appears to be the first complete survey of ground water at that scale for most Member State

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY