ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1966.tb01583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMeasurements of ground‐water recharge in sand drift aquifers in northern lower Michigan show that winter and spring precipitation provides a major portion of the annual water yield. In general, the accumulation of snow beneath forest canopies varied inversely with crown density during the winters of 1962 and 1963. Pine plantations with crown densities of over 80 percent in winter had 1.8 inches less water in the snowpack than neighboring deciduous forests, at the time of maximum accumulation. Ground‐water recharge during the melt period was proportionally lower beneath the pine forests where snow accumulation was least. The difference in snowmelt recharge was a major factor in the smaller annual water yields measured under these pine fore

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1966.tb01584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe nature and extent of movement of ABS (alkylben‐zenesulfonate) and other sewage components through natural soils were studied in the laboratory and in the field north of Denver, Colorado. Small amounts of ABS and bacteria pass through soils and reach the zone of saturation, where they move laterally down‐gradient several thousand feet. Total dissolved solids show little fluctuation during such movement, possibly because extracted solutes are replaced by other solutes leached from the soils during water infiltration.In laboratory studies Denver sewage‐plant effluent was filtered through packed columns of 8 types of soils. ABS was not significantly removed by most of the soils; how‐ever, muck, greensand marl, and residual basalt soil ini‐tially removed up to 94 percent of the ABS. Some ABS was removed only after development of bacterial slime on the soils; subsequent infiltration caused leaching of the slime and its adsorbed ABS and other constituents. All soils initially removed about 90 percent of the bacteria within a few feet of travel, but a small percentage passed through the soil. Bacterial clogging occurred quickly in the fine soils but only in modest amounts in the coarse sand, even after three months of flow.Field studies included analyses of river and irrigation water contaminated from a sewage‐plant effluent, and well water from selected sites down‐gradient between unlined irrigation ditches and the river. Concentrations of ABS and bacteria were significantly reduced during infiltration of irrigation ditch water to the water table. As noted in the laboratory the concentrations of both of these contaminants can be reduced through soil filtering action. In addition there may be some dilution of the infiltrate by the ground water. Dissolved solids showed practically no change between the ditches

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1966.tb01585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChemical analyses of ground‐water samples taken from differing depths in a four‐county area in east Texas showed a general stratification with respect to dissolved iron, pH and hardness. On the basis of this stratification the waters of the ground‐water reservoir were divided into a shallow zone of oxidation, A; a deep zone of reduction, C; and an intermediate and unstable zone, B, in which waters from above and below are mixed. Ground water from zones A and C generally is almost free of iron, whereas water from zone B generally contains objectionable amounts. This zoning is explained by recent laboratory work and theoretical data on iron in natural waters. Wells constructed to draw only from zones A or C should yield water relatively free of

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1966.tb01586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper a way of estimating the probable character of the water in sand aquifers is explained with examples. Comparative chemical quality of water from many types of sand formations generally encountered during drilling may be predicted with considerable accuracy by observing the color of an aquifer sand and its depth. This approximate method of “guessing” water chemistry, if properly used, can do much to guide the water well contractors. It may often fail due to incorrect application of the technique rather than a failure of the techni

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1966.tb01587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring a three‐month trial period, 70 million gallons of industrial wastes were successfully injected at moderate pressures into a deep limestone in the westernmost part of Florida. The movement of these wastes is expected to be predominantly southward toward the natural discharge area which is presumed to be far out in the Gulf of Mexico. The limestone lies between two thick beds of clay (aquicludes) and contains 13,000 parts per million salty water. A series of aquifers and aquicludes appear capable of preventing contamination of the overlying fresh‐water aquif

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1966.tb01588.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA map should treat the critical problems in a way understandable to the intended reader. Some maps appropriately show only one or two pertinent hydrogeologic parameters. Point‐data maps make little or no interpretation of the data. Four‐dimensional maps‐those that include an elapsed span of time or projection of hydrogeologic variables into the future‐represent a high degree of interpretation of data; they are most useful to the map reader. The hydro‐geologist has an obligation to his reader to design maps that are as useful as

ISSN:0017-467X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1966.tb01589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY