摘要:

A study of the Alabama state AIDS database was conducted to determine whether differences exist in demographic and risk characteristics between patients with HIV-1 in Jefferson and Mobile County. The authors found that the age distribution of patients with HIV-1, the percent of those having AIDS, and the percent of those surviving were very similar. However, significant differences existed in patient-reported risk factors in the two counties. Homosexuality was reported as the major risk factor in both counties. However, there was proportionately more homosexuality reported in Jefferson County and, conversely, more heterosexuality reported in Mobile. There also were significant differences in race and gender distributions in the two counties. This was due in part to the proportionately higher prevalence of African American females of reproductive age with HIV-1 in Mobile County. This may pose a significantly greater risk for pediatric AIDS among African American females in Mobile County.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this article, the authors attempt to determine the effect of catecholamine stimulation on the systolic and diastolic properties of the left ventricle (LV) in rats with chronic infarction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent coronary artery ligation at 8–10 weeks of age. Baseline hemodynamics were measured 1–2 months after infarction. Dobutamine was administered in bolus injections of increasing concentrations, and peak hemodynamic response after each dose was recorded. Rats were divided into three groups: controls (n= 14), rats with infarct size less than 30% of LV (n= 13), and rats with infarct size at least 30% of LV (n= 9). Baseline hemodynamics were similar among the three groups. There was no significant difference in the maximal response of LV systolic pressure and heart rate between the three groups. Left ventricle +dP/dt increased with dobutamine in all three groups, but rats with infarct size of at least 30% had a significantly smaller increase above baseline as compared with control rats. In contrast, LV –dP/dt increased to a similar degree in all three experimental groups with dobutamine. Although hemodynamics can be affected by loading conditions in the intact animal, the magnitude of the change in +dP/dt with unaltered –dP/dt suggests that there is an impaired inotropic but not lusitropic response to catecholamine stimulation in rats with large chronic myocardial infarcts. The findings imply a differential effect of β-agonist stimulation on systolic and diastolic properties of the heart.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Most renal transport is a primary or secondary result of the action of one of three membrane bound ion translocating ATPase pumps. The proximal tubule mechanisms for the reabsorption of salt, volume, organic compounds, phosphate, and most bicarbonate reabsorption depend upon the generation and maintenance of a low intracellular sodium concentration by the basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase pump. The reabsorption of fluid and salt in the loop of Henle is similarly dependent on the energy provided by Na-K-ATPase activity. Some proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption and all distal nephron proton excretion is a product of one of two proton translocating ATPase pumps, either an electrogenie H-ATPase or an electroneutral H-K-ATPase. In this article, the authors review the biochemistry and physiology of pump activity and consider the pathophysiology of proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis, the Fanconi syndrome, and Bartter's syndrome as disorders of ATPase pump function.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intragraft T-cell receptor (TCR) α and β chain variable region gene expression was analyzed in human cardiac allograft biopsies by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Rearranged TCR α and β chain gene transcripts were detected in all biopsies examined (N= 23), indicating the presence of T cells bearing the α/β TCR even in the absence of microscopically apparent leukocyte infiltration. In this analysis, a broad TCR α/β repertoire in actively rejecting lesions was demonstrated, whereas fewer TCR α and β chain gene families were detected in nonrejecting lesions. The number of expressed TCR Vβ chain gene families typically was two-to sixfold higher than that of Vα chain families in all biopsies tested. This asymmetric relation was present throughout the histologic grading spectrum of the biopsies. Based on these data, the TCR repertoire is heterogenous even in the early stages of mononuclear cell infiltration of the allograft. Also based on the data, the presence of T cells in grafts with minimal cellular infiltrates is not a specific marker of subsequent rejection episode, because T cells were identified in all allograft biopsies.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To assess the effects of chronic dietary sodium restriction and blood pressure reduction on glomerular function and structure during the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal disease, experiments were conducted in uninephrectomized (UNX) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) using the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist manidipine. Male SHRs underwent UNX at age 10–11 weeks and subsequently were assigned to one of four groups: sodium-replete (0.4%); sodium-replete and a predetermined antihypertensive dose of manidipine (20 mg/kg body weight); sodium-deplete (0.09%); and sodium-deplete and manidipine (20 mg/kg body weight). Twelve weeks later, renal morphologic and functional studies were performed. Sodium restriction had no significant effect on systolic blood pressure, but creatinine clearance and urinary protein excretion were decreased. Importantly, mean glomerular volume and the prevalence of mesangial expansion were lower with sodium restriction. This occurred in the presence of high concentrations of plasma and renal tissue angiotensin II. Manidipine significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in the sodium-replete and sodium-deplete UNX-SHRs. This therapy was not associated with significant changes in creatinine clearance and urinary protein excretion in the sodium-deplete or sodium-replete UNX-SHRs. The prevalence of mesangial expansion in the sodium-replete UNX-SHR was approximately 50% lower with manidipine. Plasma and renal tissue angiotensin II concentrations were not affected by the drug. In the sodium-deplete UNX-SHR, the prevalence of mesangial expansion was not reduced further by manidipine. However, plasma and renal tissue angiotensin II concentrations were increased significantly. Based on the results of this study, 1) in the sodium-replete UNX-SHR, the calcium antagonist manidipine, given as effective anti-hypertensive therapy, attenuates early glomerular injury without altering circulating or renal tissue angiotensin II; 2) sodium depletion, independent of blood pressure and stimulation of circulating and renal tissue angiotensin II, attenuates early glomerular injury after uninephrectomy; and 3) in sodium-deplete UNX-SHR, effective antihypertensive treatment with manidipine does not produce an additional reduction in early glomerular injury.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Graves' disease is a thyroid autoimmune disorder associated with specific human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, characterized by an unpredictable long-term course. To investigate possible relations between HLA phenotype and outcome of the disease, the authors typed for HLA antigens in 105 patients with Graves' disease with different course of disease. All patients were treated with antithyroid drugs for at least 12 months; 29 patients had stable remission 24 or more months after withdrawal of treatment; 76 patients had persistent disease—66 unremitting/relapsing hyperthyroidism, 10 stable hypothyroidism—36 or more months after onset of disease. The following findings emerged from this study: 1) HLA B8 and DR3 were increased significantly in Graves' patients versus 6,682 control subjects from the same geographic area (23.80% vs 12.01%, odds ratio [OR] 1.98, and 31.43% vs 18.00%, OR 1.75, respectively); the antigen combinations B8-DR3, B8-Cw7-DR3, and A1-B8-Cw7-DR3 were significantly more frequent in Graves' patients vs control subjects; in addition, these combinations were present exclusively in patients with persistent disease (B8-DR3 28.95%, OR 7.14, B8-Cw7-DR3 27.63%, OR 11.24, and A1-B8-Cw7-DR3 18.42%, OR 11.29). These data provide evidence that not only susceptibility to Graves' disease, but also persistent activity of the autoimmune process, producing either hyperthyroidism or stable hypothyroidism, is associated with specific HLA antigen phenotypes.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Though several animal models of ischemic brain infarction have been developed, no animal model of purely ischemic spinal cord infarction exists. In humans, such paralysis often occurs as a complication of aortic surgery. While working on an animal model of cholesterol embolic renal disease, the authors produced an animal model of ischemic spinal paralysis by direct intraortic injection of cholesterol suspension. With histologic examination of spinal cords of the paralyzed rats, prominent cholesterol crystals were found obliterating the lumen of the anterior and/or posterior spinal arteries. Spinal cord infarction was seen most prominently in the lateral columns and anterior horns, though other areas also were affected. Permanent paraplegia developed in most rats, but transient paralysis developed in a few, followed by partial or full recovery. This model of spinal infarction in non-anesthetized rats can be used to study the pathophysiology and therapy of spinal infarction.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 24-year-old man with AIDS and hemophilia A had intractable diarrhea and fever. Upon examination of stool and of a sigmoidal biopsy specimen, cryptosporidium was revealed. Approximately 2 months after admission, respiratory infection with hypoxia due to cryptosporidium developed. Paromomycin inhalation was effective therapy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of respiratory cryptosporidiosis treated successfully by paromomycin inhalation.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Leydig cell tumors are very rarely seen testicular tumors and can be difficult to distinguish from testicular tumors of the adrenogenital syndrome. Testicular tumors of the adrenogenital syndrome are confined to patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The authors report a case of a patient with malignant Leydig cell tumor and a history of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome). To the authors' knowledge, this has not been reported previously.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID