ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A total of 121 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients diagnosed in Haiti were studied between June 1979 and December 1983. Risk factors were identified in 65% of 34 patients evaluated in a standardized manner since July 1983 and included: bisexuality, 38%; blood transfusion, 21%; and intravenous drug abuse or a spouse with AIDS, 6%. These risk factors were reported by only 20% of the 85 patients studied between June 1979 and June 1983. AIDS patients also re ported more frequent parenteral injections prior to the onset of their illness than control subjects (e.g., siblings, friends, sexual partners). Heterosexual activity among female AIDS patients was also greater than in their female controls. It was concluded that, in contrast to the experience reported among Haitians with AIDS in the USA, risk factors are present among most patients with AIDS in Haiti.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To compare the responses tooralinotropic and vasodilator drugs, maximally effective doses of amrinone (300 mg over 3 hours) and captopril (25 mg orally) were administered to 21 patients with severe chronic heart failure, who had not received either agent previously. Despite similar decreases in systemic vascular resistance with both drugs, amrinone produced greater increases in cardiac index (+0.56 vs. +0.41/min/m2, p < 0.05) and smaller decreases in mean arterial pressure (−11.1 vs. −15.2 mm Hg, p < 0.05) than did captopril; three patients became symptomatically hypotensive with captopril, but none did so after amrinone. These differences were due to a significant decrease in heart rate with captopril (−6.3 beats/min, p < 0.01), whereas heart rate increased with amrinone (+ 4.3 beats/ min, p < 0.01); the increases in stroke volume index with both drugs were similar. Despite similar decreases in left ventricular filling pressures, the decrease in mean right atrial pressure with amrinone was greater than with captopril (−5.6 vs. −3.2 mm Hg, p < 0.01). This difference was the result of the greater decrease in pulmonary arteriolar resistance, and hence in right ventricular afterload, with amrinone than with captopril, (−33% vs. −16%, respectively), p < 0.01. Despite these superior hemodynamic responses to amrinone, when patients received sequential long-term treatment with both drugs during the follow-up period, only 12% of patients benefitted during therapy with amrinone, whereas 64% improved clinically with captopril. In conclusion, although the increases in forward output are greater and the hypotensive risk is less with amrinone than with captopril, these superior short-term hemodynamic effects are not translated into greater long-term clinical benefits.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cysteamine depletes pituitary and plasma prolactin in rats. It acts through a nondopaminergic mechanism to alter both iramu-noactive and bioactive prolactin. The effect of cysteamine on prolactin secretion is reported in normal men. Six normal subjects received a control thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test at 0900 using 200 μg TRH intravenously; serum prolactin and TSH were measured at −10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 min after administration of TRH. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormones levels were measured at −10 min. Seven or more days later, they received cysteamine hydro-chloride 15 mg/kg body weight orally every 6 hours for 5 doses. One hour after the last dose, the TRH test was repeated. Peak serum prolactin levels following TRH, prolactin levels at the 10-min time point, and total area from 0 to 30 min under the prolactin secretory curve were significantly decreased by cysteamine administration. TSH levels were unchanged. Serum calcium levels were significantly decreased by cysteamine administration, but parathyroid hormone levels were unchanged. It was concluded that cysteamine reduced TRH-stimulated prolactin secretion. Cysteamine also decreases serum calcium levels and suppresses the anticipated rise in serum parathyroid hormone levels. These effects on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone are similar to those previously shown for WR2721, another sulfhydryl compound. Cysteamine should be further considered as an alternative drug in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and as a therapeutic agent for hypercalcemia.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of slow channel calcium blocker diltiazem on platelet aggregation and on the generation of vasoactive prostanoids, thromboxane A2and prostacyclin were examined. Diltiazem, in therapeutic concentrations (50–200 ng/ml), inhibited human platelet activation induced by cumulative sub-threshold concentrations of calcium ionophore A 23187 plus ADP or epinephrine. However, platelet activation induced by cumulative effects of ADP plus ephinephrine was inhibited by diltiazem only in very high concentrations (>5 μg/ml). These data indicate that platelet aggregation mediated only through calcium flux is inhibited by diltiazem in therapeutic concentrations. In other experiments, diltiazem significantly potentiated prostacyclin release from human umbilical veins. These effects of diltiazem may contribute to efficacy of this compound in ischemic heart disease.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with myeloproliferative disorders demonstrate decreased plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations, and this has been related to the presence of a large spleen. Patients that underwent splenectomy in the past demonstrated normal plasma cholesterol levels. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were also reduced in these patients, but were normal after splenectomy. To study the immediate effect of splenectomy on the plasma lipid pattern, three patients with myeloproliferative disease and a large spleen who were undergoing splenectomy were compared with two control groups, one undergoing orthopedic operations and the second, cholecystectomy. In the control groups, plasma lipids tended to decrease for the first 2 days after surgery and then returned to preoperative levels. After splenectomy, however, plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and apolipoprotein B significantly increased, reaching maximum levels after 4 days. Plasma HDL as well as apolipoprotein A-I decreased 1 day after splenectomy, but then increased over and above their preoperative concentrations. These results suggest an important role for the spleen in cholesterol metabolism in these patients. The spleen appears to be an important site for LDL catabolism in these patients.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ibuprofen is a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor that is alleged to have additional direct effects on leukocyte function. These properties suggest that Ibuprofen may be of potential therapeutic value for neutrophil (PMN)-mediated acute lung injury in humans such as that resulting from septicemia by gram-negative organisms. This study quantitated the effect of pretreatment with Ibuprofen on the intensity of acute neutrophilic alveolitis following endotoxemia. The effect of Ibuprofen on neutrophilic alveolitis was biphasic: There was suppression of inflammation at a high dose (30 mg/kg), enhancement at a low dose (3 mg/kg), and intermediate doses (10–20 mg/kg) had no effect. In contrast, both 10 and 30 mg/kg of Ibuprofen prevented early hypoxemia following endotoxemia, suggesting that early hypoxemia and inflammation by neutrophils were not causally related. The dose of Ibuprofen required to suppress neutrophil alveolitis exceeds that required to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase in the model. Therefore, suppression of alveolitis by 30 mg/kg of Ibuprofen may depend on other pharmacologic properties of Ibuprofen such as its direct effect on neutrophil migration.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Oncogenes are genes with a proven cancer association that appear to function primarily in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The preliminary work leading to their discovery, their association with retroviruses, the retrovirus life cycle, and the use of retroviruses to find and characterize oncogenes is discussed in detail. Chromosomal abnormalities are discussed using Burkitt's lymphoma and themyconcogene as prototypes. Finally, the normal (nonmalignant) functioning of oncogenes is discussed in terms of embryogenesis and hepatic regeneration.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The plasma of a 63-year-old patient with an initial acute, fatal episode of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) contained agglutinated platelets and a factor VIII-related von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen level that was elevated sevenfold above normal. Unusually large vWF multimers derived from endothelial cells were detected in her plasma at the on set of the TTP episode. This is the first patient in whom vWF abnormalities indicative of in vivo endothelial cell damage or perturbation have been found during an acute episode of TTP.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The pathophysiology of a neutropenic disorder was evaluated in a 60-year-old man using myeloid progenitor cell (CFU-C), colony stimulating activity (CSA), and antineutrophil antibody assays. An immunoglobulin, present in the patient's serum at presentation, was directed against peripheral blood neutrophils, and autologous and allogeneic bone marrow CFU-C. A course of prednisone resulted in resolution of the neutropenia and a disappearance of the cytotoxic antibody. This study suggests that the patient's neutropenic disorder resulted from antibody-mediated destruction of circulating neutrophils and a suboptimal bone marrow granulopoietic response.

ISSN:0002-9629    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID