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1. |
Editorial |
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
Volume 311,
Issue 1,
1996,
Page 1-2
David Stephens,
Monica Farley,
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ISSN:0002-9629
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Addressing the Challenges of Emerging Infectious Diseases |
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
Volume 311,
Issue 1,
1996,
Page 3-8
Robert Pinner,
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摘要:
Through the recent examples of diphtheria in the former Soviet Union, plague in India, and trends in pneumonia mortality in the United States, the author, in this article, illustrates issues in emerging infectious diseases. The Centers for Disease Control's plan,Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats: A Prevention Strategy for the United States, is summarized. Initial efforts to implement this plan are described, with particular focus on the development of Emerging Infections Programs, which are conducting epidemiologic and laboratory projects on several infectious diseases, including invasive bacterial diseases, unexplained deaths, foodborne diseases, and ehrlichiosis in four population-based sites in the United States.
ISSN:0002-9629
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
Reasons for the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance |
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
Volume 311,
Issue 1,
1996,
Page 9-16
Fred Tenover,
John McGowan,
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摘要:
The ability of many different species of bacteria, including those that cause disease in humans, to resist the inhibitory action of antimicrobial agents has become a global problem. Resistance continues to spread not only in nosocomial pathogens but in several key community-acquired organisms as well. Appropriate control measures for such resistant organisms depend in part on the pathways by which resistance has arisen. Unfortunately, these pathways differ greatly from organism to organism and setting to setting. In addition, although the epidemiology of resistant organisms sometimes is similar to that of susceptible organisms of the same kind, in some situations it may be quite different. In this article, the authors highlight some of the pathways leading to the development of resistance in bacteria, the importance of antimicrobial use, and the relevance of these mechanisms to measures for the control of resistant bacteria in hospital and community settings.
ISSN:0002-9629
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
A Computer-Assisted Molecular Epidemiologic Approach to Confronting the Reemergence of Tuberculosis |
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
Volume 311,
Issue 1,
1996,
Page 17-22
Gregory Woelffer*,
William Bradford,
Antonio Paz,
Peter Small,
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摘要:
Molecular epidemiologic approaches have provided important insights into the pathogenesis and epidemiology of tuberculosis. However, continued progress in this field will be reliant on the development of computerized information management systems capable of analyzing large numbers of bacterial DNA fingerprints and incorporating this with data collected as part of conventional disease surveillance. The specific attributes of these computer systems must be tailored to the nature and scope of the research question. In this article, the authors describe a system being used for the surveillance ofMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains in San Francisco. The current performance characteristics are described, and potential future developmental directions are outlined. This system demonstrates several general principles of computerized molecular epidemiology that are likely to be of increasing applicability to a variety of pathogens.
ISSN:0002-9629
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
The Changing Epidemiology of Foodborne Diseases |
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
Volume 311,
Issue 1,
1996,
Page 23-29
Sean Altekruse,
David Swerdlow,
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摘要:
The epidemiology of foodborne diseases in the United States has changed in recent decades as new pathogens have emerged, the food supply has changed, and the number of people with heightened susceptibility to foodborne diseases has increased. Emerging pathogens are those that have recently increased or are likely to increase within 2 decades. Emergence is often the consequence of changes in some aspect of the social environment. The global economy, for example, has facilitated the rapid transport of perishable foods, increasing the potential for exposure to foodborne pathogens from other parts of the world. Other factors altering foodborne disease patterns are the types of food that people eat, the sources of those foods, and the possible decline in public awareness of safe food preparation practices. Aging, extension of life expectancy for the chronically ill through medical technology, and the AIDS epidemic have increased the public health impact of foodborne diseases because they increase the proportion of the population susceptible to severe illness after infection with a foodborne pathogen. The evolving epidemiology of foodborne diseases must be monitored and understood to implement appropriate prevention technologies.
ISSN:0002-9629
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Variants: Threat of New Lentiviruses |
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
Volume 311,
Issue 1,
1996,
Page 30-33
Harold McClure,
Francis Novembre,
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摘要:
Infection in humans with the lentivirus HIV-1 typically results in the development of a chronic disease state characterized by the slow decline of CD4+ lymphocytes, the development of immunosuppression, and the development of opportunistic infections, ultimately leading to death. Although the average course of disease runs approximately 10 years, shorter and longer progression times have been noted. These alterations are presumed to be, at least partially, a factor of viral variation. The simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are the nonhuman primate counterparts to HIV. Several of these isolates, including SIV from sooty mangabey monkeys, induce a remarkably similar disease in Asian macaques. Recently, variants of SIV from sooty mangabey monkeys and SIV from African green monkeys have been described, which are increasingly more pathogenic. As in HIV-1 infections, this is probably due to genetic variation. On the basis of these findings, atypical viruses with tremendous pathogenic potential can arise from apathogenic or moderately pathogenic viruses.
ISSN:0002-9629
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Does Lyme Disease Occur in the South?: A Survey of Emerging Tick-Borne Infections in the Region |
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
Volume 311,
Issue 1,
1996,
Page 34-40
Alan Barbour,
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摘要:
Lyme disease is the most common arthropod-borne infection in the United States. However, the risk of infection varies widely by geographic region. In the South,Borrelia burgdorferihas been identified in ticks and small mammals, but transmission of the agent to humans has not been documented. The Lyme disease-like disorder reported from the region may have another etiology.
ISSN:0002-9629
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
The Reemergence of Serious Group A Streptococcal Infections and Acute Rheumatic Fever |
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
Volume 311,
Issue 1,
1996,
Page 41-54
Michael Bronze,
James Dale,
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摘要:
Acute rheumatic fever and life-threatening group A streptococcal infections have reemerged during the past 15 years to once again become a serious health threat in the developed countries of the world. Reports of outbreaks of acute rheumatic fever in many parts of this country and others have shattered the complacency that the health-care community had acquired related to this devastating sequela of streptococcal pharyngitis. Invasive streptococcal infections, often associated with loss of limbs or life despite optimal antibiotic therapy, have underscored the potential virulence of these organisms. A new clinical entity, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, has emerged as a consequence of the new invasive strains of group A streptococci In this article, the authors summarize the recent changes in the epidemiology of group A streptococcal infections and rheumatic fever and review the potential reasons for the increased virulence of these organisms. In addition, they discuss prospects for a streptococcal M protein vaccine designed to control these infections and their sequelae.
ISSN:0002-9629
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
Lessons Learned From the Hantaviruses and Other Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses |
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The American Journal of the Medical Sciences,
Volume 311,
Issue 1,
1996,
Page 55-59
J. Butler,
C. Peters,
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摘要:
In recent years, numerous previously unknown infectious pathogens and their associated diseases have been recognized. Among these newly identified agents are the viruses that cause the hemorrhagic fevers, including Sin Nombre virus, the etiologic agent of the 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the American Southwest. Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of the hemorrhagic fevers and their etiologic agents provide lessons that may be used collectively as a paradigm of the nature of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
ISSN:0002-9629
出版商:OVID
年代:1996
数据来源: OVID
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