摘要:

ABSTRACTIn many parasitic hymenoptera copulation is preceded by elaborate courtship displays which include species‐specific characteristics. Other features, shared by related species, may be used for defining higher taxa. The male's repertoire consists of movements involving the wings, legs, antennae, and mouthparts. These movements are performed continuously, or intermittently, depending on the species involved. The elements of a repertoire are repeated over and over again until the female indicates her readiness to copulate. Temporal patterning of various displays, and the timing of the female response are described.InMelittobia acasta(Walker) (Eulophidae) the male display is composed not only of repeating elements, but also includes new elements, introduced along the way; the display progresses towards a climactic finale. The timing of the female's copulation signal is accurately predictable. The morphology ofMelittobiamales is discussed in relation to this behaviour. Courtship of a related species,M.chalybii, is compared to the courtship ofM.acast

ISSN:0047-2409    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPopulations ofM.persicaefrom glasshouses in Britain were found to have a structurally heterozygous chromosome complement. Biometric data from somatic metaphase chromosomes, and the pairing configurations of chromosomes at spermatocyte meiosis, indicate either a simple or a reciprocal translocation involving autosomes 1 and 3. All except one of the clones started from these populations showed high levels of esterase activity indicative of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides. The British translocated clones were all androcyclic in reproductive character, but of several distinct genotypes. A similar or identical translocation was found in seven out of nine clones started fromM.persicaecollected in the field in Japan. The translocation was present in JapaneseM.persicaeof all reproductive categories, being somehow maintained in the sexual breeding system of the aphid. In breeding experiments, translocation heterozygosity was inherited independently from colour and reproductive characters. The translocation was also found in a sample ofM.persicaefrom southern California.

ISSN:0047-2409    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAphis fabaereared on broad bean plants treated with the experimental growth stimulator ethylene‐bis‐nitrourethane were extremely pale in colour and this persisted for the life of the individual, even when first instar nymphs were transferred from treated to untreated plants. Pale aphids had less than half the amounts of the pigments protoaphin and aphinin that were present in normal aphids. It is concluded that the aphids probably received a compound which inhibited pigment formation from the treated plants; the chelating properties of the metabolite of the compound in plants are consistent with this conclus

ISSN:0047-2409    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe circadian control of adult emergence was studied inAnopheles gambiae. In contrast to the situation reported for other mosquitoes, the timing of adult eclosion can be modified by the light regime. Comparison of the timing of pupal—adult ecdysis in groups of individuals pupating at the same time and then kept either in 12 h light alternating with 12 h dark (LD 12:12) or constant light, at temperatures from 22 to 34·5°C, showed that the timing can be modified by the light regime. In LD, eclosion due to take place during the middle and later part of the light phase was delayed, giving a peak near light‐off; the maximum delay was of the order of 4–5 h at both 22 and 34·5°C. This effect appears to be mediated by a temperature‐compensated timing mechanism. Experiments with different light regimes indicated that the time cue is a previous change from light to dark. When this was given to late fourth stage larvae it affected the timing of adult eclosion without affecting the time

ISSN:0047-2409    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe carotenoids of a blue mutant and normalHyalophora cecropia(L.) (both reared on apple leaves) were compared. Pupae derived from blue larvae contained 3·78 μg of carotenoids per individual, compared with 266·0 μg in pupae derived from normal green lar

ISSN:0047-2409    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe digging movements of the isolated ovipositor assembly of female locusts were filmed and analysed. The interpretation of the movements was compared, quantitatively, with observations on the intact ovipositing insect. The following major points were revealed. (i) The thrust of the ovipositor is at an angle to the axis of the hole. This allows the opposite side of the hole, rather than the very small inertia of the abdomen, to provide the reaction to the thrust. (ii) The ovipositor valves have different functions: the lower pair levers the abdomen down, the upper pair digs the hole. (iii) The maximum rate of longitudinal movement (2·8 mm s‐1) and the observed maximum displacement per digging cycle (2·0 mm) can account for digging speeds and displacements noted in the intact digging ins

ISSN:0047-2409    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAdultRhodnius prolixusStål increase the volume of the abdomen when feeding by stretching the lateral abdominal pleat. This paper shows that the observed extension may be entirely accounted for by unfolding corrugations in the pleat

ISSN:0047-2409    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPolytene giant chromosomes of the Phlebotomine sandflyLutzomyia longipalpisfrom two localities in Brazil were examined. They are preliminarily described and illustrated from larval salivary gland preparations. Polytenes in other tissues of larvae, pupae and adult flies were found to be unsuitable for detailed study. Salivary chromosome arms were long but thin (‘oligotene’) and given to much ectopic pairing. Despite their fragility and cross‐linkage, patterning on these chromosomes was sufficiently well differentiated to be cytotaxonomically useful. The normal mitotic complement comprised 3 pairs of metacentrics and 1 pair of subacrocentrics. None of the chromosome pairs was sexually dimorphic. Meiotic chiasmata were seen in males and females. Characteristics of giant chromosomes in Phlebotominae and Psychodinae are compared and discussed in relation to other Diptera. Cytogenetic evidence supports inclusion of the Psychodidae with the Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae and Chironomidae in the superfamily Culic

ISSN:0047-2409    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY