ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009933

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective. The aim of the study was to elucidate the questions: 1) Why are some women declining an alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)‐test? and 2) Do women who decline an AFP‐test differ in background and in attitudes towards abortion issues from women who accept the test? Furthermore the study was aimed at clarifying some aspects of the decision process.Design. Questionnaire study over a one‐year period from October 1, 1988 to September 30, 1989.Setting. Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, and the county hospitals of Sønderjyl‐land. Denmark.Subjects. 336 women who declined the AFP‐test and 3331 women who had the test performed.Main outcome measures. Main questions concerned reasons for declining AFP‐testing, attitudes to abortion issues and how the decision was made.Results. The main reasons for declining were found to be ethicalireligious reasons or the view that the test was not reliable enough. The frequencies of women with a high school degree (46.4% versus 30.8%) and of women who had had a previous spontaneous abortion (24.1% versus 14.8%) were both significantly higher in the declining group. Regarding abortion issues, women who declined the test were significantly more restrictive in their acceptance of abortion than women who had taken the AFP‐test. 5.7% of the women who declined reported that they had perceived pressure to accept the offer to have the test.Conclusion. The study has clarified the questions as to who declines the AFP‐test and why. It is discussed whether the AFP‐programme and its consequences are, in fact, too difficult for some women to grasp and understand in detail. From the Health Service's point of view, it is noteworthy that a considerable number of women who declined the test offer might make a different choice if the AFP‐p

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009934

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether systematically organized ultrasound screening would have an effect on the uptake of antenatal care services.Methods. A total of 9310 women were randomised to an ultrasound screening (4691) or to a control (4619) group. The screening group had an ultrasound examination between the 16th and 20th week of gestation, but otherwise both groups had identical antenatal care.Results. Antenatal outpatient clinic visits were significantly fewer (2.3 compared to 2.6,p<0.0001) in the screening group. On the other hand women in the screening group had more visits to maternal health centers than those in the control group (12.9 compared to 12.6,p<0.0001). No difference was noted between the groups with respect to days in hospital, rest at home on sick leave and visits for medical check‐ups.Conclusion. Ultrasound screening reduced the need for specialist services and increased the use of basic maternal health care service

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009935

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective. To assess the influence of paternal size on birthweight after suitable control for maternal and fetal factors.Design. Prospective observational study.Setting. Delivery state, City Hospital. Nottingham.Subjects. 571 husbands/partners of unselected women delivering August 1992 to February 1993.Main outcome methods. Individualised birthweight ratio and thereby an adjusted birthweight for a cypical mother. The results of a multiple regression analysis with the individualised birthweight ratio as the dependent variable.Results. When considered in isolation both paternal height and weight are significantly positively associated with crude and adjusted birthweight (p<0.01, analysis of variance). Due to correlations of paternal size with maternal size and smoking habit, only paternal height is significant in the multiple regression analysis (p= 0.01).Conclusion. If the partner of an average woman is short (mean—2s.d.) then the baby will be 183 g lighter than if he is tall (mean+2s.d.). This effect of paternal height on birthweight must be genetic arid therefore should be taken into account when defining intra‐uterine growth retardation and macroso

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009936

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background. To examine if preeclamptic disorders lead to altered concentrations of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin‐1 and interleukin‐6 at delivery compared to normal pregnancy.Methods. Amniotic fluid, placenta, maternal and cord serum were collected at delivery by cesarean section or spontaneous labor. Samples were retrieved from 53 women with normal pregnancy, 54 with preeclamptic disorders and 15 who delivered a small for gestational neo‐nate of unknown cause. Cytokines were measured by bioassays. Statistics were performed with nonparametric tests.Results. Interleukin‐I in amniotic fluid tended to be lower with preeclamptic disorders than in normal pregnamy irrespective of labor. There was an increase in amniotic fluid tumor necrosis factor, interleukin‐1 and interleukin‐6 with onset of labor in preeclamptic disorders just as in normal pregnancy. There was a similar increase in interleukin‐6 in cord and maternal serum in the same groups, even if concentration of interleukin‐6 in cord serum in labor of preeclamptic disorders was lower than in normal pregnancy.Conclusions. No major differences were seen in concentrations of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor in amniotic fluid, placenta, maternal or cord serum at delivery with preeclamptic disorders compared

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009937

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background. It has previously been shown that serum levels of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) are depressed in patients with early pregnancy bleeding and a live gestation. We examined whether human placental lactogen (hPL) levels show a similar pattern.Method. Prospective study in the 8th‐14th gestational week comparing serum levels in 69 women with early pregnancy bleeding with those in 93 control pregnancies.Results. Serum level of hPL were significantly depressed in women with early pregnancy bleeding (p<0.0001).Conclusions. The findings suggest a primary affection of the placenta in early pregnancy ble

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009938

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective. To investigate possible endocrine changes in patients with early pregnancy bleeding and subchorionic hemorrhage.Design. Prospective study in first trimester of pregnancy comparing circulating levels of human placental lactogen (hPL), pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) and endo‐metrial secretory protein PP14 (PP14) in women with and without subchorionic hemorrhage.Subjects. Sixty‐nine women with early pregnancy bleeding, who in week 7–14 had a blood sample and an ultrasound study with both determination of fetal crown‐rump length and a search for subchorionic hemorrhage.Results. There was no difference between serum levels of hPL, PAPP‐A and PP14 in 29 women with and 40 women without subchorionic hemorrhage, and no correlation between serum levels and the size of the hematoma.Conclusion. Judged from the serum levels of the studied substances there were no indications of an impaired function of the trophoblast or the decidua that could explain the development of subchorion

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009939

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), amniotic fluid white blood cells (Gram staining) and leukocyte esterase (LE) activity were measured serially and prospectivelq in 30 pregnant women in labor at term. Results were retrospectively compared with amniotic fluid bacterial culture results. Leukocyte esterase activity was measured by the dipstick test (Nephurtest) and anin vitrophotometric method. Amniotic fluid samples were collected through an intrauterine transvaginal pressure catheter. The serial CRP and WBC levels from admission to the delivery and CRP levels from delivery to the first post partum day increased statistically significantly. Levels of both markers correlated significantly with duration of labor. Both amniotic white blood cells and leukocyte esterase activity increased during labor. Bacterial colonization of amniotic fluid was not clearly associated with amniotic LE‐activity or leukocyte count as determinated by Gram stain. The tests evaluated cannot be regarded as reliable methods in distinguishing intra‐amniotic infection during labor and vaginal delivery at

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009940

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background. Information on the efficacy of breast stimulation for inducing labor in grandmultiparas and in women with a previous cesarean section with or without premature rupture of membranes is limited.Methods. Retrospective study of labor data from 135 women of grand multiparity or those with a previous section with or without premature rupture of the membranes in whom labor was induced by breast stimulation.Results. The success rate in achieving vaginal delivery was 84%. The duration of breast stimulation, length of labor, vaginal delivery rate, and Apgar score did not differ significantly among the four groups studied.Conclusion. Breast stimulation in grandmultiparas and in women with a previous cesarean section is efficacious and safe.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009941

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) is today the most widely performed bariatric operation. The procedures used previously for the same purpose resulted in metabolic derangements and other pathologies during pregnancy. In a retrospective study we compared the reproductive performance of nine women prior to VBG and after it.Of eighteen pregnancies prior to the operation, seven ended with miscarriage, while only one of fourteen pregnancies conceived after the operation was aborted. The rate of spontaneous conception was greatly increased after the operation and there were fewer complications in the course of the pregnancies. From the obstetrician and gynecologist's point of view VBG seems to be a good treatment for morbid obesity.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349509009942

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY