ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157045

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157046

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157047

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Unpredictable disturbance of the menstrual cycle is the major problem associated with use of all progestogenonly methods of contraception. This even occurs with those methods which do not usually suppress ovulation, but the disturbance is generally less severe with lower dosage systems. The commonest changes include amenorrhoea and irregular, scanty and infrequent bleeding, but may sometimes involve episodes of prolonged or frequent spotting or light bleeding. Heavy bleeding is rare. Although some abnormalities of endometrial vascular morphology and function have been identified, the mechanisms of abnormal bleeding are poorly understood. Management centres around effective pretreatment counselling and continued support at follow‐up. Sometimes a single course of oestrogen therapy may be helpful. This is safe and effective at stopping a particular episode of bleeding provided that an adequate duration of oestrogen effect is given (eg. an oral 2 to 3 week course or a single intramuscular injection). However, experienced investigators rarely use oestrogens and repeated courses are not recommended. There is clearly a major need for basic research in this area, and for the development of improved systems to minimise the proble

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157048

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In spite of an abundant literature on antiandrogen treatment with cyproterone acetate (CA) there have been no objectively measured results to prove statistically the possible superiority of CA over combined oral contraceptive pills in the treatment of acne vulgaris. A multicenter study was therefore done, in which two preparations containing CA in combination with ethinylestradiol (EE) were compared with a marketed combined oral contraceptive pill. The preparations studied were: 1) CA 2 mg + EE 50μg (DianeR), 2) CA 2 mg + EE 35 μg (DianeRmite), 3) Levonorgestrel 150 μg + EE 30 μg (NeovlettaR). A woman was eligible for the study if she was found by adermatologistto have at least eight acne lesions (sum of papules, pustules, cysts and nodules) on her face, was otherwise healthy and without medication. After a primary assessment of the number of acne lesions by the dermatologist the woman was referred to agynecologistand given one of the three test preparations double‐blind and at random. The treatment was to continue for 6 months. 133 women were recruited at eight different centers. The groups thus constituted were of similar size and comparable with regard to age, degree of acne, and menstrual and contraceptive histories. As the number of acne lesions varied considerably between patients all data were converted into percentage change during treatment before they were processed in a computer. After only 4 months of treatment the patients on DianeRand DianeRmite had a significantly greater reduction in the number of acne lesions compared with those on NeovlettaR. This difference was more pronounced at the end of the sixth treatment cycle, where there was an average reduction of acne lesions by 70% in the DianeRand DianeRmite groups, compared with 35% in the NeovlettaRgroup. Furthermore, the data scatter was less for the two DianeRgroups. Among women taking DianeRor DianeRmite, only 4% were found to have deteriorated, as compared with 18% for NeovlettaR. The data support the previously unproven concept that regular oral contraceptive pills may improve acne in some women, whereas in others the condition was exacerbated. Bleeding patterns and contraceptive efficacy were excellent for all three preparations. Side effects were few and comparable to reports on other low‐dose oral contraceptives. DianeRmite had a tendency towards less pronounced “estrogenic” side effects and was equally effective in the treatment of acne as DianeR. DianeRmite is therefore suggested as the treatment of choice in women with acne who are otherwise willing to use an oral co

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157049

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157050

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

According to the independent projections of the United Nations Population Division and of the World Bank, the global population (presently: 4.7 billion) will continue to grow until the year 2100 or 2150, when it is expected to stabilize at an approximate level of 11 billion. Ninety‐five per cent of this future growth will occur in developing countries, with an increasing number and proportion of women aged 45 and over; their number will exceed 700 million before the turn of the century.The past decade, or two, witnessed a dramatic increase in life expectancy at birth, especially in developing country women, but little, if any, information is available about the menopause in those countries.An urgent task of high priority is therefore to establish on a country‐to‐country basis the age distribution and sociocultural significance of the menopause and of the prevalence of various menopausal disorders, which to a huge extent will determine the health‐ and social service needs of individual developing countries. Furthermore, a rapid progress must be made in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders and senility.It is suggested that the establishment of a Special Programme of Research by the World Health Organization on the problems of aging would significantly accelerate progress in thi

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157051

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate symptoms of estrogen deficiency, androgen excess and urinary incontinence in a representative sample of middle‐aged women. A sample consisting of 1 746 women aged 40–66 was randomly selected. Of those initially selected, 1413 (81%) were eventually investigated. Gynecological data were obtained by means of questionnaires. 53% of the menstruating and 79% of the naturally postmenopausal women reported one or more symptoms indicating estrogen deficiency. 40% of the postmenopausal women had experienced marked vasomotor symptoms. Symptoms of androgen excess were uncommon. The occurrence of urinary incontinence was

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157052

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157053

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348609157054

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY