ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) provides an alternative method of support to assisted and controlled mechanical ventilation in neonates with acute respiratory failure. Specific advantages include the use of only the level of mechanical support which is required on an individual basis. Because intrapleural pressure is reduced with IMV, as opposed to intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), venous return and cardiac output are maintained at more nearly normal levels, with or without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Duration of mechanical ventilatory support is reduced, weaning enhanced, and the incidence of pulmonary barotrauma decreased with IMV. Physiological homeostasis in terms of acid-base changes is more readily maintained as a result of precise regulation of alveolar ventilation. Newer concepts in mechanical support, such as “reversed” inspiratory:expiratory ratio (I:E ratio) ventilation, are possible with IMV because of the lower ventilator rates employed compared to IPPV.

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent advances in prenatal and neonatal care have increased the number of live births and extended the life expectancy of critically ill premature infants. These infants represent a formidable therapeutic challenge in that multisystem involvement and previously uncommon conditions, such as intravascular coagulation, acute tubular necrosis, and acute cortical necrosis are now seen with increased frequency.This review begins with a discussion of the development of renal function in the neonate followed by a description of the more common causes of acute renal failure (ARF) in this age group. Finally, the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this condition are discussed.

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seizures in the neonatal period are usually concomitants of serious neurological disease. The convulsive phenomena take certain distinctive and often subtle forms because of the status of the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological development of the neonatal brain. The predominant etiological process is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial infection, developmental defects and metabolic disorders are also responsible for a considerable proportion of cases. Prognosis is related primarily to the neurological disease that underlies the seizures. Treatment may be specific for the underlying disorder, e.g., glucose, calcium, magnesium, pyridoxine, but whatever the cause, urgent control of the convulsions is important because they may have deleterious consequences. Phenobarbital is the single, most important anticonvulsant in the management of neonatal seizures.

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Early neonatal hypocalcemia occurs in premature infants, infants with birth asphyxia, and infants of diabetic mothers. Etiological considerations include decreased calcium (Ca) supply, increased endogenous phosphate load, hypomagnesemia, alkali therapy, functional hypoparathyroidism, defects in vitamin D metabolism, and possibly calcitonin excess. Late neonatal hypocalcemia occurs, with malabsorption of magnesium (Mg), increased exogenous phosphate loading, after alkali therapy of diarrheal acidosis, hypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D related disorders. The therapy of hypocalcemia includes oral or iv Ca salts and in the near future, possibly the newly discovered vitamin D metabolites.

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID