ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe conducted the study on factors affecsting progonsis of bronchial asthama, clinical course and bronchial sensitivity to acetycholine 127 children with asthma, who received acetylcholine inhalation test and were subjected to observation for at least 3 years in Kanagawa children's Medical Center. First, the children were divided into two groups on the basis of asthmatic attacks. Those without asthamatic attacks for over 2 years were classified into the remission group and those with recent asthamtic episodes, the non‐remission group. A further calssification was based on bronchial sensitivity of acetylcholine. The two groups derived were the hypersensitivity group and the low sensitivity group.The following conclusion were drawn from the long‐term onservation of the patients. 1) One‐rank change in acetylcholine threshold does not correspond to a change in bronchial sensitivity. 2) Imporovement in brochial sensittivity to acetylcholine accompanies the disapperance of asthamtic attacks. 3) Bronchial hypersensitvity to acetylcholine is maintained by the presence of asthmatic attacks. 4) Significant change in brochial sensitivity to acetylcholine does not appear within 2 years of the presence or absence of asthmatic epi

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeripheral blood eosinophils, nasal eosinophils, serum immunoglobulin G,A,M,E, allergic skin tests, RAST tests, viral antibody and secretory IgA levels were studied in one hundred asthmatic children who had had their first asthma attack before 24 months of age.Viral and bacterial infections were detected in 26 of 79 episodes of attacks. Parainfluenza was most frequently associated, and next in frequency were respiratory syncycial virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and measles. The serum IgE and IgM level was higher than the normal range for age.In 16.9% serum IgA showed a lower level than in normal children. The allergic skin test by scratch method was positive in 47.6% to egg white, 39.7% to house dust, 44.1% to Dermatophagoides farinae. The RAST test showed similar results.Secretory IgA in saliva was examined by the method of enzyme linked immunoassay. Secretory IgA in infants with egg allergy was lower than in normal healthy children. The predisposition to the development of atopic disease with, maturationally related decreases in secretory IgA could be explained by the ingress of allergic materials.

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is an enormous gap between an optimal approach built on a scientific fundament of up‐dated knowledge, and practice limited by lack of resources and/or failing education. Advances have been made in our knowledge and understanding of basic mechanisms, mode of action of various causative factors and different pathophysiological reaction patterns and the heterogeneity of the patient population in question. This has provided a better basis for understanding and treating the child.Methods and tools for diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary function have been somewhat improved at the same time as better tools and drugs for management have been developed.Parallel to this pediatricians have also made progress as to consciousness and consideration for the consequences that a chronic disease such as asthma may have for the child and his family, and with better understanding of family dynamics. This has laid the cornerstone for a much needed holistic medical approach to asthma in children and adolescent

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEach limb of the immune system is partially functional, partially non‐functional at the time of birth. Newborns are unusually susceptible to infection, and feeding practices, immunization schedules and certain congenital conditions are all affected by the state of the infants immune system. I shall review each of these systems.The granulocytes are slow to chemotax but can phagocytise well, and have only a modest reduction of bactericidal activity; however this latter ability may be compromised severely in the presence of stress or infection.The mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes) are also slow to chemotax, but their bactericidal and cytotoxic functions are normal. The fixed mononuclear cells may have diminished phagocytosis and killing capacity. The monocytes may also have a defect in antigen processing with decreased expression of DR antigen.Complement activity is about 25–50% of the maternal level but this is usually sufficient to prevent infection in the term infant. In the presence of prematurity complement components may be reduced sufficiently so as to produce a clinically significant opsonic deficiency. This can be corrected by plasma or gamma globulin. Certain Gram (‐) organisms need alternative complement pathway activation to affect opsonization the newborn may have decreased ability to activate this pathway.The antibody synthetic system is essentially inoperative at birth despite adequate B‐cells, as a result of intrinsic B‐cell inactivity and enhanced T‐cell suppression. Passive maternal IgG usually but not always, compensates for this deficit in the term infant. Local secretory IgA antibody synthesis is also absent for the first 6 to 8 weeks of life; this is compensated for in part by the ingestion of breast milk, The first antibody responses noted are IgA antibody responses, while IgG responses are initially sluggish and delayed. Poor IgG antibody responses to certain antigens, particularly polysaccharides, may persist for a prolonged period.Neonatal T‐cells show good recognition and proliferative responses but T‐cell cytotoxicity is compromised and certain lymphokines (e.g. MIF, immune interferon) are markedly deficient. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity is also deficient. Natural killer activity is also reduced. Thymus size and hormonalactivity is increased.Taken as a whole, the immature immune system does not have the capacity to fully respond to an invading organism, and the result is frequent, severe, and occasionally

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNew radiolabeled oligosaccharides were prepared from various glycosaminogly‐cans for the purpose of diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis and glycosphingoli‐pidosis and of differentiation of enzymatic heterogeneity. Hunter syndrome hemizygote and heterozygote could be successfully diagnosed using hair roots as an enzyme source. The deficiency of galactose‐6‐sulfate sulfatase was observed in Morquio syndrome in addition to the deficiency of N‐acetyl‐galactosamine‐6‐sulfate sulfatase. Tay‐Sachs disease was diagnosed without separation of hexosaminidase using hyaluronic acid‐derived trisaccharide as sub‐strate, Trisaccharide substrate derived from keratan sulfate could be used for the diganosis of GM1‐gangliosidosis, however, it was not useful for the dif‐ferentia

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00614.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGalactose, a hexose Sugar, is a Constituent of many foodstuffs. It is present in most animals milks and represents a major source of calories for infants. Galactose provides a sources of energy through its converstion to glucose‐1‐containing compounds in the body.Inherited deficiency states have been described for all steps in the major pathway of galactose metabolism. Galatose‐1‐phosphate uridyl transferase (transferse) deficiency is the most commonly encontered. It has an incidence of approximately 1:60,000 and it is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The clinical consequence of the biochemical defecst appears early in life and usually is severe. Vomiting, diarrhea, jundice, hepatomegaly, renal tublar abnormalities, cataracts and mental retardation are some of the majour clinical features. Untreated, mortality rate is high.Treatment is readily accomplished and consists of elimination of galactose(lactose) from the diet. The acute manifestation are reversed; cataracts do not grogress and severs mental retardation prvented. The outcom, however, is not wholly satisfactory, even when treatment is intiated early. Growth and development usually are normal, but intellectual devlopment variable. Many children have visual‐perceptual problem and I.Q.'s below average. School performance generally has been unsatisfactory.Ovarian failure frequently has been found in female galactosemics. The casuse has not been d

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00615.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00616.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY