摘要:

ABSTRACT* * *The extent of preferential treatment toward female offenders during arrest has been a neglected topic in research on female criminality. This article uses data collected in 1977 during police‐suspect encounters with 785 males and females to explore the existence of chivalrous treatment of female offenders in the initial stages of criminal processing. These data indicate that chivalry exists at the stage of arrest for those women who display appropriate gender behaviors and characteristics. In general, the findings suggest that female suspects who deviate from stereotypic gender expectations lose the advantage that may be extended to female offenders. Specifically, older, white, female suspects are less likely to be arrested than their younger, black or hostile sisters. In addition, in the initial stage of criminal processing, female property offenders receive no leniency, and some evidence suggests that offenses against property weigh more heavily in arrest decisions for females than for males. Differences in the factors influencing police arrest decisions for male and female suspects are also examine

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT* * *As with participation in illegitimate activities in the larger society, involvement in rule infractions within prisons is not normally distributed among prisoners. Rather, a small segment of the inmate population is disproportionately represented in official records of disciplinary activity. In this research, factors associated with differential levels of involvement in prison disciplinary infractions were examined.The findings indicate that the inmate's age at commitment, history of drug use, current offense (particularly homicide/nonhomicide categories), and the type of sentence that the inmate served were significantly related to high‐rate infraction status. For one subgroup of the inmate population, race was also significantly related to infraction‐rate status. However, these variables are not sufficiently predictive of institutional misconduct to justify their use as classification factors. The implications of the findings for the study of social control mechanisms in prisons are discus

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT* * *The judicial treatment of adult female relative to male criminal offenders is theoretically and empirically examined in this paper. After discussing various problems with the chivalry hypothesis and labeling theory–the two major explanations of gender disparities‐an empirical test is made to determine the accuracy of both perspectives. An analysis of 543 adult felony cases in Dade County, Florida, using multiple regression to control for the effects of relevant legal and nonlegal variables, indicated inconsistent differences in treatment by sex at the h e k of negotiations, prosecution, conviction, and sentence. These differences also vary over the three time periods examined: 1965–1966, 1971, and 1975–1976. The findings do not support any existing theory of the differential legal handling of male and female offenders, clearly indicating a need for the development of theory that takes into account the growing body of empirical work in th

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT* * *This article examines the interactive process leading to criminal violence. Official data from 159 incidents of homicide and assault that were not committed in conjunction with other crimes and that resulted in incarceration were examined with respect to the actions of offenders, victims, and third parties. These incidents tended to follow systematic patterns. They began with identity attacks, followed by attempts and failures to influence the antagonist. Threats were made and finally the verbal conflict ended in physical attack. It appears that retaliation is a key principle in the escalation of these incidents in that aggressive actions by the victim were associated with aggressive actions by the offender and the likelihood that the victim would be killed. The importance of situational identities for retaliating was suggested bg the moderately strong relationship observed between identity attack and counterattack. Retaliation also occurred for strategic reasons, in that offenders were more likely to kill aggressive victims when those victims used weapons.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT* * *This study attempts to ascertain how the legal a i m of rehabilitation are applied, as well as their social control consequences for a group of offenders sentenced under the Federal Youth Corrections Act (FYCA) of 1950. Discriminant function analyses were conducted on a random sample of 452 persons selected f o r a “special” FYCA rehabilitative disposition and 758 persons accorded a regular punitive disposition, to determine 1) the factors that influence the judge's choice between these two outcomes; and 2) if persons sentenced under the special rehabilitative provision spend more or less time incarcerated, relative to those given a regular disposition Our analyses indicate that age is the single discriminator of much significance in determining whether an offender is given a FYCA or regular disposition, with younger persons more likely to receive rehabilitative treatment. Little support was found for the contention that greater intrusiveness of social control inevitably results from adoption of a rehabilitative form of social control as opposed to a regular punitive disposition. The implications of these findings for the application and consequences of the FYCA are discus

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT* * *This study examined the relationship between a measure of public assistance to poor families (adjusted for cost of living differences among SMSAs) and crime rates. The regression analyses controlled for the effects of several other economic and noneconomic factors thought to influence variation in crime rates and utilized census and other data for the S9 SMSAs for which the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics provided cost‐of‐living data in 1970. The results indicated that level of public assistance to poor families had an independent negative effect on the variation of several crime rates, including rates of homicide, rape, and burglary. The results suggest that a substantial reduction in the level of public assistance to the poor may contribute to significant increase in crime ra

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:THE STRUGGLE TO BE HUMAN: CRIME, CRIMINOLOGY AND ANARCHISM. By Larry Tifi and Dennis Sullivan.THE BLACK FLAG: A LOOK BACKAT THE STRANGE CASE OF NICOLA SACCO AND BARTOLOMEO VANZETTI. By Brian Jackson.SCARED STRAIGHT! AND THE PANACEA PHENOMENON. By James O. Finckenauer.U.S.v. CRIME IN THE STREETS. By Thomas E. Cronin, Tania Z. Cronin, and Michael E. Milakovich.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY