摘要:

AbstractThis article responds to John Angell's (1971) proposal to abolish police middle management. With use of the data from a seven‐city study of team policing (Sherman et al., 1973) and Tannenbaum's (1968) framework of control in organizations, the past obstructions and potential uses of middle management to police change are discussed. Rather than abolish or neutralize mid‐management, I propose to expand their support functions as a positive aid to cha

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1975.tb00642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1975.tb00643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFew attempts have previously been made systematically to define or interrelate the concepts of political crime, political criminal, political justice, and political prisoner. To establish a more adequate conceptual base for research, political crime and political criminals are herein defined in terms of motiwtions underlying criminal acts, regardless of the nature of the acts themselves; political justice is defined in terms of the state's reaction to perceived threat; and political prisoners are defined as those incarcerated because of either political crime (politico1 criminals) or political justice (victims of repression). Dimensions for a taxonomy of political crime are suggested.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1975.tb00644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1975.tb00645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines the effects of imprisonment on the families of inmates. Likert scaling procedures were used to meaaire three components of change occurring in 93 families subsequent to the incarceration of the family head. These are: change in sociol acceptance, change in economic status, and change in the degree of sexual and emotional frustration of the wife. Findings indicate that finances and sexual‐emotional frustrations underwent significant change and became problematic for a majority of families. Contrary to expectations, changes in social acceptance of the families were neither significant nor problematic except for a small minorit

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1975.tb00646.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn increasing amount of pressure has been directed toward juvenile court operations, much of which has focused on the hypothesized abuse of the broad discretionary decision‐making power that has traditionally been vested in the court. In this paper, we attempt to examine the extent to which factors not directly associated with the nature of the alleged offense may alter the probability that a juvenile w.11 be referred for a formal hearing in the juvenile court, a step which many analysts feel may have the unintended function of promoting rather than inhibiting subsequent involvement in delinquent behavior. Based on an analysis of 346 cases, our findings show that a number of variables that are not of direct legal relevance do exert a significant influence on the dispositional process, but the magnitude of this influence is not as great as many have been led to expect given the orientation of some explanatory models, particularly those based on the propositions of the labeling schoo

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1975.tb00647.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo test the assumption that police reports cannot be used as a representative sample of all criminal events, a research study was undertaken comparing the characteristics of robberies and robbery victims derived from police offense reports in San Jose, California, to those derived from a victimization survey in the same area The result of the comparison of these two data sources disclosed that: (1) for commercial robberies there were no differences between police offense reports and victimization survey data for the characteristics which were compared; (2) for personal robberies, there were no differences for the characteristics of victim's sex and age, number of victims, victim/offender relationship, and number of offenders. The differences observed for victim's race and time of occurrence can be attributed to classification problems and methodological differences It is highly probable that the police robbery offense reports and the Victimization survey data are representative of the same population of robberies Results suggest that further evaluation of the assumption that police offense reports do not reflect the “true” nature of all (i.e., reported and unreported) crime is warran

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1975.tb00648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA central issue in the controversy surrounding the death penalty is the question of deterrence. Specifically, does the additional severity of capital punishment over life imprisonment serve to deter potential criminals? I attempt to deal with this question by separating the effects of severity of punishment from those of certainty of punishment by examining various woys in which these factors have been manipulated in the attempt to curb the incidence of skyjacking. I conclude that increasing the certainty of punishment results in a decrease in crime, whereas increasing the severity does not, in effect arguing against the necessity of the death penulty.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1975.tb00649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study attempts to shed light on the types of crime committed by drug addicts and the possible changes in criminal behavior over time. The study revealed that arrests for crimes against the person are becoming more prominent among addicts although acquisition of property appeared to be the prime motive in these offenses Over the four‐year period analyzed, arrests for crimes against property and drug offenses remained the more numerically important categories even though arrests for crimes against the person increased. It was also found that, for each type of offense, more persons were arrested after than before they initiated thew drug abuse pattern

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1975.tb00650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY