ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1994.tb01144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A growing body of research shows that adherents to conservative Christian beliefs are more punitive than others in their response to crime. A frequently offered but still untested explanation is that such beliefs promote a dispositional attribution style—the idea that crime results from the offender's character, not from unfortunate or unjust environmental influences. With punitiveness toward juvenile offenders as the dependent variable, the present study directly tests the hypothesis that a tendency to attribute crime to dispositional factors is the intervening variable linking conservative religious beliefs to punitiveness. The analysis provides strong support for the hypothesi

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1994.tb01145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three theoretical models of the interrelations among associations with delinquent peers, delinquent beliefs, and delinquent behavior are examined. The socialization model views delinquent peers and beliefs as causally prior to delinquent behavior, whereas the selection model hypothesizes that associations with delinquent peers and delinquent beliefs are a result of delinquent behavior. The interactional model combines aspects of both the socialization and the selection models, positing that these variables have bidirectional causal influences on one another over time. Data to test for reciprocal causality are drawn from three waves of the Rochester Youth Development Study. Results suggest that simple unidirectional models are inadequate. Associating with delinquent peers leads to increases in delinquency via the reinforcing environment of the peer network. Engaging in delinquency, in turn, leads to increases in associations with delinquent peers. Finally, delinquent beliefs exert lagged effects on peers and behavior, which tend in turn to “harden” the formation of delinquent beli

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1994.tb01146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Contextual data from a unique study (Notre Dame Study of Catholic Parish Life) are used to test multilevel models predicting three types of deviance ranging from excessive drinking to tax evasion. Measures representing informal sanction threat and aggregate‐level social integration as well as the interaction of these variables displayed the net effects that were predicted only for those types of deviance that appear to be less impulsive. In general, the deterrent effects of informal sanctions were found to be strongest in communities characterized by high levels of social integratio

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1994.tb01147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On September 10, 1990 Charles Troy Coleman was put to death by lethal injection at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary. Coleman's execution was the first in the state in more than 25 years, generating significant media coverage and providing a unique opportunity to assess the impact of the state's return to executing capital offenders. Interrupted time‐series analyses are performed with weekly data from the UCR Supplemental Homicide Reports for the state for the period January 1989 through December 1991. Analyses are performed for the total level of criminal homicides and homicides disaggregated into two types of murder–felony murder and stranger homicides–testing hypotheses that predict opposing impacts for each type of homicide. As predicted, no evidence of a deterrent or a brutalization effect is found for criminal homicides in general. Similarly, the predicted deterrent effect of the execution on the level of felony murders is not observed. Evidence of the predicted brutalization effect on the level of stranger homicides is observed, however. Supplementary analyses on further offense disaggregations continue to support these initial findings and permit a more coherent interpretation of the re

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1994.tb01148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The literature from developed countries hypothesizes that crime‐reporting practices vary by levels of incident‐specific, victim‐specific, and environment‐specific correlates. To date these correlates have not been used to investigate crime‐reporting behavior in developing countries, nor have they been explored simultaneously. This research attempts to fill this void by analyzing data from a household victimization survey conducted in Belize, Central America. A crime‐reporting model based on research findings from developed nations, especially the United States, is tested. Bivariate findings are presented and a multivariate logistic model is estimated, Contrary to prediction, the findings from the Belize sample are generally similar to those reported in developed nations. As in developed nations, incident‐specific correlates play a significant role, individual‐specific correlates pray a minor role, and environment‐specific correlates play no role in inducing citizens to report a crime to the police. The findings indicate that factors that affect reporting in Belize seem not to be conditioned by the particularistic social structure of polici

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1994.tb01149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies by O'Carroll and Mercy and by Kowalski and Petee challenge the long‐held view that the South leads the nation in homicide rates. Specifically, O'Carroll and Mercy find that when killings by state are disaggregated by race, the West has the highest levels of homicide for whites, blacks, and other races. Kowalski and Petee conclude that homicide rates in the South and the West have converged. We extend their research by examining the effect, on levels of killing, of metropolitan concentration of black and white populations within states and of the percentage of the white population of Hispanic origin within SMSAs. Results of these analyses show that the homicide rate for non‐Hispanic whites remains highest in the South; no clear regional pattern exists for bla

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1994.tb01150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY