ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review presents a brief overview of some of the many exciting developments that are taking place in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology. Research continues to progress at a rapid rate, and we can expect many drugs to enter the clinical arena within the next few years. It must be borne in mind, however, that the pharmaceutical industry and hospital budgetary restrictions sometimes limit drug development and occasionally interrupt clinical trials, even before their results have been obtained.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review focuses on the effects of cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass on the brain, with special emphasis on the results of recently conducted studies. The incidence of postoperative neurological and neuropsychological deficits and risk factors for cerebral injury are reviewed. The relationships between cerebral embolic load, release of biochemical markers of brain injury and cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery are also reviewed. Finally, recently gained information on the management of cardiopulmonary bypass is discussed, along with the results of recent pharmacological neuroprotective trials in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Anesthesiologists are increasingly using transesophageal echocardiography in both cardiac and noncardiac cases. In cardiac anesthesia, considerable progress has been made in the evaluation of mitral valvular disease. Transesophageal echocardiography has also become more useful in the hemodynamic evaluation of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. It is particularly valuable in minimally invasive surgery and in heart surgery to correct congenital defects.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review focuses on the activation of the haemostatic system during cardiopulmonary bypass. The interaction of different cascade systems are examined, in particular the relation of inflammation with haemostasis. Novel strategies to supplement or replace heparin for anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass have recently been described. Drug approaches to reduce activation of haemostasis reported during the review period are already well established. Their influence on the inflammatory response may offer interesting perspectives for the future.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Brief periods of ischemia have been shown to protect the heart against a subsequent prolonged ischemic insult, a phenomenon known as ischemic preconditioning. The protective effects of preconditioning markedly reduce myocardial ischemic injuryin vivo. Volatile anesthetics have been shown to protect myocardium against infarction by a mechanism similar to that of ischemic preconditioning. Contractile dysfunction occurs after a brief period of myocardial ischemia, despite restoration of coronary blood flow in the absence of tissue necrosis. This process is known as myocardial stunning and has important clinical ramifications. Evidence indicates that adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channel function plays a central role in ischemic preconditioning, stunned myocardium, and in anesthetic-induced protection against ischemic injury.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is finding an ever-increasing role in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of thoracic disorders that previously required sternotomy or open thoracotomy. The potential advantages of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery include less postoperative pain, fewer operative complications, shortened hospital stay and reduced costs. The following review examines the surgical and anesthetic considerations of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, with an emphasis on recently published articles.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cardiac and thoracic surgery cause alterations in ventilatory function that can lead to significant postoperative pulmonary complications. These complications often occur among patients with pre-existing pulmonary dysfunction and cause significantly longer hospital stays. This review explores some of the recent literature concerning this issue, including the effects of lung reduction surgery.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Anesthetic technique for pulmonary transplantation varies with recipient's underlying lung disease, procedure performed and regional practice. The pulmonary allograft is vulnerable to mechanical and biochemical injury throughout the harvesting, preservation and engraftment procedures. Mechanisms of allograft injury are reviewed, with suggestions for incorporation of strategies to minimize injury into clinical practice. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of nitric oxide for treatment of reperfusion injury.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lung volume reduction surgery, where 20-30% of lung is resected in patients with end-stage emphysema, has been shown in a number of published series to improve expiratory lung volumes, exercise capacity, and subjective well being. This procedure, originally described in the early 1950s, has caught the imagination of the public and medical fraternity. This operation may find utility as an alternative to lung transplantation. Only when the results of a number of randomized clinical trials are available, however, will an assessment of the true value of this procedure be known.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID