ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been studied for years as a measure of physical well being. The amount of spontaneous variability in heart rate (HR) has been shown to decrease with various pathological states and to gradually improve during regression of the disease process. A mathematical and signal-processing technique called power spectral analysis (PSA) has been extensively employed to quantify HRV. When a continuous segment of HR data is analyzed by PSA, several frequencies of HR oscillations can be quantified. These are the low (0–0.04 Hz), mid (0.05–0.15 Hz) and high (0.15–0.4 Hz) frequencies. The physiological origins of these HR fluctuations are described and the changes in the frequencies of oscillation observed in various pathophysiological states are discussed. Several variations in processing techniques are reviewed. PSA of HRV could serve as a useful non-invasive marker of autonomic balance influencing HR, and may find an important role in patient monitoring before, during, and after anesthesia.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cardiac arrhythmias during anesthesia are the electrical manifestations of perturbed physiology. Electrolyte and autonomic imbalance, adverse drug effects, and myocardial ischemia are major causative factors. Because definitive treatment with pharmacologic or electrical methods may aggravate arrhythmias, increased emphasis should be placed on preventive and corrective therapy.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Exercise tolerance has been proposed as a method of stratifying risk. Dipyridamole-thallium imaging continues to demonstrate the best perioperative and long-term predictive value. Stress echocardiography has shown excellent results in several small studies. The value of preoperative silent ischemia monitoring continues to be investigated.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review focuses on various continuous and non-invasive techniques for monitoring cardiac output, arterial blood pressure and systemic perfusion. Infectious complications of central venous monitoring are also considered.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Concern about the increasing number of carotid endarterectomies (CEs) performed in the USA has placed considerable pressure on physicians to limit the number of CEs they perform. However, CEs have prophylactic values in asymptomatic patients. Thus, a major question facing a clinician is to decide when to operate on asymptomatic patients with carotid bruits. The decision is not yet clear-cut, but new data are available. Other controversial issues presented here are choice of anesthesia, patient evaluation and management, and techniques for brain and heart preservation.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques have made significant contributions to improved survival of patients with congenital heart defects or acquired valvular heart disease. The survival rate of heart-transplant patients has also improved dramatically in recent years. As a result, many of these patients will present for non-cardiac surgery. The implications and potential risks associated with this patient population are reviewed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Increasing awareness of the complications of homologous blood transfusion have led to interest in managing patients with alternative blood conservation strategies. Homologous blood transfusions may be associated with increased risks of infection, cancer recurrence, or other immunologic sequelae in addition to infectious sequelae. Autologous predonation and acute normovolemic hemodilution have been proposed as alternative methods of managing patients with decreased use of homologous blood transfusion therapy. However, in cardiac disease these strategies may have potential disadvantages, specifically a greater incidence of myocardial ischemia in patients managed with mild to moderate hemodilution. Data are not readily available on the benefits and risks of transfusion therapy in cardiac disease; further recommendations await the results of larger and more controlled studies.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Platelet activation plays a major role in hemostasis during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. This review highlights current views and strategies to improve anticoagulation during open-heart surgery. Recent concepts ot anticoagulation question the role of heparin and open up perspectives for augmentation of anticoagulation or alternatives to heparin.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID