ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The complexity of excitation-contraction coupling is emphasized by theoretical studies which suggest the requirement for microdomains of Ca2+Within the cytoplasm of the cardiac myocyte. Our understanding of the various changes in Ca2+metabolism during development and disease, as well as the critical role of Ca2+regulation by Na-Ca exchange and intracellular Na+ concentration, is becoming more clearly defined, providing possibilities for intervention.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is growing evidence that myocardial dysfunction in 'septic shock is induced by mediators of the systemic inflammatory respopse syndrome, in particular by cytokines such as tissue necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). TNF-a produces an immediate negative inotropic effect by alteration in intracellular calcium homeostasis. Longer term effects of TNF-a and IL-1 may involve increased expression of NO synthase and decreased responsiveness of p-adrenergic stimulation. Most recently, strategies have been formulated to try and inhibit or attenuate toxic effects of TNF-a and IL-1; this has included the use of anti-TNF-a antibodies, soluble receptors for TNF-a, and recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonists.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Owing to new technological developments and a growing clinical experience, ventricular assist devices have gained widespread acceptance as a potentially life-saving therapy for patients with severe cardiogenic shock. The current clinical results and the specific features of recently introduced devices will be reviewed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Techniques and clinical applications for assessing left ventricular global and regional function during cardiovascular anesthesia are reviewed. Transesophageal echocardiography has provided an important and novel method for the assessment of myocardial function not previously available by conventional pulmonary artery catheter monitoring. The different methods and clinical applications for assessing myocardial function with echocardiography, techniques that many anesthesiologists may not be familiar with, are also reviewed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Blood conservation is now an important topic. This review covers the current techniques and areas of interest. The advantages and disadvantages of available methods are also discussed, together with probable future developments.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Reversible renal impairment has been demonstrated to occur within 9 days of open heart surgery in patients. No increase in serum creatinine or urea was measured in these patients postoperatively. Clonidine administered preoperatively has been reported to improve or prevent a decrease in postoperative creatinine clearance. During cardiopulmonary bypass, no difference in effect on renal function was found between normothermia and hypothermia, alpha-stat and pH-stat, pulsatile and non-pulsatile flow or controlled and uncontrolled mean arterial pressure, in patients with normal kidney function before surgery. Low-dose dopamine, started at induction of anaesthesia and given for 24 h, had no effect on renal function. In recent reports, the mortality in patients needing dialysis for acute renal failure after heart surgery was 76% in adults and 56-60% in children. In patients on dialysis before open heart surgery, the results are much better with mortality rates of 3-16%. Left-ventricular assist, as a bridge to heart transplantation, markedly improved renal function in patients with multiple organ failure.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID