摘要:

SummaryThis lecture draws to the attention of human biologists the opportunities that are available for their participation in international research programmes. Relevant past and present research programmes of the International Union of Biological Sciences are described, together with the larger programmes of the human genome initiative, and the international geosphere biosphere programme on global change of the International Council of Scientific Unions; and the smaller programmes of the World Health Organization and the Council of the European Community. Human biologists have much to contribute to such programmes, but, to do so, personal interests need to be tailored to the requirements of each specific programme.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002442

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryHeight, weight, body mass index (BMI) and weight for height are reported for 2210 parents of a random sample of school children in Shiraz, Iran. Weight for age and weight for height centiles have been computed by the Healy, Rasbash and Yang's nonparametric method and are presented graphically. The Iranian adults are taller and heavier than previously reported for people in the region but are smaller than European and US white adults. The distribution of BMI is broadly similar to that reported for UK adults but curves corresponding to BMI-constant, i.e. weight proportional to height2, cut across the centiles of weight for height.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002452

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe physical growth and health status of preschool (<6 years) Karen highlanders belonging to the Pwo (212 males, 227 females) and Sgaw (107 males, 101 females) ethnic groups, and residing in northwest Thailand are described in the present report. The growth and health status of Thai tribal groups, including the Karen, is generally assumed to be substantially poorer than those of Thai lowlanders, who are primarily of Thai ancestry. However, the Karen highlanders in the present report fell within the range of variation in growth and health status found in lowland southeast Asians. Also, the growth and health status of Pwo preschool children tended to be significantly poorer than those of Sgaw children, despite the fact that both groups reside in isolated villages within the same ecozone and utilize similar food production techniques. The cause of these differences cannot be determined at the present time, but several potential factors are discussed.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002462

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryPulmonary function measurements were made in 230 healthy non-smoking women from Calcutta with an age range of 20–59 years. The tests consisted of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of forced vital capacity (FEV1%), forced expiratory time (FET), maximum voluntary ventilation, uncontrolled frequency (MVVF), forced expiratory flow (FEF200–1200ml), forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25–75%), forced end-expiratory flow (FEF75–80%) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Except for PEFR, all the measurements were made with the help of two 9-litre closed-circuit-type expirographs using standard spirometric techniques. PEFR was recorded with the help of two Wright peak flow meters. Prediction formulae were derived on the basis of physical characteristics. Age and height were found to be the significant predictor variables for VC, FVC and FEV1, while only age was significant for FEV1%. The FVC and FEV1values of the subjects, standardized for age and height, are much lower than those of Americans, Europeans and Jordanians. On comparison with data reported from other parts of India, it was revealed that the VC and FEV1values of the current study, after adjustment for age and height, were much higher than those of Southern Indians but comparable with those of North-Western Indians.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002472

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummarySerum alkaline phosphatase activity (AP), stature and Tanner-Whitehouse-2 RUS skeletal age (SA) were determined for 873 rural Guatemalan youth and young adults 11–25 years of age. Mean AP decreases systematically with chronological age (CA) in girls, while an adolescent increase in mean AP occurs at 14 years in boys. When mean AP is calculated within SA groups, clear adolescent increases are apparent in girls, peaking at 11 years SA, and at 14 years SA in boys. Correlations between AP and relative skeletal age (SA-CA) decrease systematically from moderately positive at the youngest CA groups to moderately negative at the older ages, crossing zero at the chronological ages of maximum adolescent AP values. Analyses suggest the patterns of mean AP in adolescence follow closely the timing and patterns of growth velocity in stature in each sex, and are only indirectly related to SA as it is a proxy for the maturational timing of the adolescent spurt in stature.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002482

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryCorrelations between sex-hormone levels and body dimensions were investigated in a group of women from Vienna. Since sex-hormone concentrations in women are subject to dramatic changes with increasing age, both 124 fertile and 142 postmenopausal women were examined. Twenty-nine anthropometric traits were correlated with oestradiol, the gonadotrophins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the gestagens progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and prolactin, and the androgens testosterone, androstenedione and DHEA-S, as well as with the transport protein, sex-hormone binding globulin. It was also found that oestradiol concentration was related to levels of gonadotrophins, prolactin, progesterone and androgens and was equally correlated with metric traits. Statistically significant correlations could be observed between all sex-hormone concentrations and the 29 anthropometric traits. The most striking result is the change in direction of correlations between metric traits and oestrogen, gonadotrophin, prolactin and gestagen levels between both proband groups, which is probably due to changes in sex-hormone concentrations in women after menopause. The direction of correlations with androgens remained the same. In post-menopausal women the great impact of fat tissue for sufficient synthesis of oestrogen is shown by a positive correlation between oestradiol and circumference measures.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002492

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummarySeven body dimensions of 37 Japanese children, 16 boys and 21 girls, were measured longitudinally at 6-monthly intervals from 9 through 15 years of age. Spline curves were fitted to the longitudinal data of each dimension to obtain age at peak velocity and magnitude of peak velocity for each child. Ages at peak velocity for each dimension occurred, on average, later in boys than in girls. Mean peak velocities were also larger in boys except for chest circumference. Ages at peak velocity occurred, on average, earlier in Japanese than in European and North American children.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002502

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryData on pubertal development in 1392 boys and 1494 girls from the cross-sectional Pécs Growth Study are reported. Genital, breast and public-hair development were rated according to Tanner (1962). The initiation of public-hair development in boys was 11·8 years and that of genital development was 12·0 years. Stage 2 of public-hair development (PH2) in boys occurred 1·7 years later than in girls. The mean time of different stages of pubertal development in boys was in the same range as in Eveleth and Tanner's study (1991). Stages 2, 3 and 4 for public-hair and breast development in Pécs girls occurred earlier than in Eveleth and Tanner's subjects (1991), while the mean time of stage 5 for both sexual characteristics occurred at a later age than reported in Eveleth and Tanner (1991). The age of menarche was 12·9 years in Pécs girls, which seems later by 0·1–0·6 years than in Western-European countries and earlier by 0·1–0·3 years than in South-European countries.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002512

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryWhen estimating reference values for measurements on paired organs, the standard deviation for a single measurement can be obtained to a good approximation simply by ignoring the pairing. In practice, however, there are advantages in the use of conventional standards for pair means and differences.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002522

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014469300002532

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor