摘要:

The focus of this paper is institutional arrangements for initiative coastal conservation in New Zealand. “Initiative”; conservation refers to positive measures for the protection of the natural environment for reasons related to its inherent worth. Case studies were undertaken in five areas with different biophysical and societal characteristics, where various approaches to coastal conservation are being attempted. In each area, an issue was analyzed to identify conservation policies and their relationship to ecological and human needs, and to administrative and legal frameworks. Analysis demonstrated that initiative conservation policy can encompass user and community needs while maintaining ecological priorities. Institutional arrangements do not appear to restrict the development of this type of policy in New Zealand, but they do limit its formal expression and implementation. Arrangements for cohesive conservation areas spanning the land‐sea interface are particularly lacking.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758409361962

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Presently, much of Israel's 190‐kilometer‐long Mediterranean coast is either unoccupied, devoted to unsuitable uses, or is in use by activities which have no special need to be near the water's edge. This has resulted from years of lack of appreciation by policy‐makers of the coast as a valuable resource, of national development policies that directed attention to other regions, and of the relatively limited demand for coastal recreation.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758409361963

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Countryside Commission for England and Wales has adopted a coastal management system that identifies high‐value scenic areas and manages these as Heritage Coasts. The Heritage Coast program is a collaborative one between central and local government, with the central government providing technical expertise and half the funds and local authorities providing development control and staff. The approach has been successful in having most of the important scenic areas designated as Heritage Coasts, but has been less successful at getting active on‐ground management on the coasts. Less than half the defined Heritage Coasts have management plans or Heritage Coast staff. Reasons for the slow adoption of the program are discussed.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758409361964

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Recent coastal barrier legislation demonstrates a growing national concern to protect fragile undeveloped coastal barriers and to prevent the expenditure of federal monies used in promoting their development. The Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 bases designations of undeveloped coastal barriers on previous federal legislation and Department of the Interior rule‐making. This paper examines the legislative intent of Congress and how it was interpreted through the designation process. Alternative strategies to achieve exemption from the Coastal Barrier legislation are discussed as a process, and an analysis is made of an exemption as it occurred in Texas.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758409361965

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Evacuation inland ("horizontal evacuation") is the traditional method of saving life in areas forecast as the site of hurricane landfall. But “high confidence”; warning time is only 12 hours, while some coastal areas are now so densely populated that twice that time is required for evacuation. Coastal managers must therefore risk the ire of local citizens “unnecessarily”; evacuated early, and the associated risk that several false alarms will reduce citizen compliance,orthe risk that evacuation will be too long delayed.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758409361966

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

On April 27, 1981, the Department of the Interior (DOI) published the final notice of lease sale 53—the Santa Maria Basin off Central California. In the northern part of the basin are located 29 tracts (out of a total 111 offered) considered environmentally sensitive by many and politically explosive by all. As expected, the state of California sued the federal government and has twice prevailed. Consequently, the DOI appealed these earlier rulings to the Supreme Court and in January 1984 the Court ruled in favor of the DOI. This well publicized case(Watt v. California)represents a failure on the part of the Congress, the Reagan Administration, and the coastal states to reach an accord on the degree of state participation in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) development process. This article does not attempt to resolve this debate; rather, this paper presents the contrasting arguments in the U.S. government; and it illustrates how U.S. coastal policy is politicized and shaped from the national level.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758409361967

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

At the Sea's Edge: An Introduction to Coastal Oceanography for Amateur Naturalistsby William T. Fox, and illustrated by Clare Walker Leslie. Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1983, 317 pp., $12.95.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758409361968

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758409361961

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor