摘要:

AbstractIn order to contribute to a better understanding of natural fire configurations, three different experimental arrangements were considered. They simulated, at laboratory scale, three simple room fire situations.1–3First, we tested a gas‐fueled porous burner simulating a wall fire. Then an insulated floor was placed close to it. Finally the wall and the floor burnt simultaneously. Velocity and turbulence measurements were performed using a two‐component laser‐doppler velocimetry (LDV) system operating in the forward‐scatter mode. Mean gas temperatures were obtained with a 200 μm butt‐welded chromel‐alumel thermocouple, located 2 mm downstream of the velocity measurement control volume. Simultaneous measurements of two velocity components proved to be very useful, especially in the characterization of the flame structure and of the entertainment process. A simple field model describing strongly buoyant diffusion flames is proposed in search of computational economy and a basic understanding of the phenomena involved. Our aim is to analyse the suitability of such a simple model for the description of the mean properties of the flow. This work showed the interaction between the burning wall, the floor and the pool fire, and especially the role played by the large‐scale structures characteristic of entertainment and mixing process

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810160102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA complete testing and classification system requires both small‐ and large‐scale test methods. In this article such a system in outlined employing the Cone Calorimeter and the Room/corner Test for testing on a small and a large scale, respectively. Translation models are also described allowing the Room/corner test to be predicted by Cone Calorimeter results only. A proposal for a classification system for wall and ceiling linings is also given together with actual and predicted test resu

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810160103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of some well‐known flame retardants on the ignition behaviour of cotton fabric. Two types of flame retardants acting in different phases (e.g. condensed phase and gas phase) were used. At low add‐on of the retardant acting in the condensed phase the ignition behaviour of the cotton is different from that treated with retardant acting in the gas phase. The condensed‐phase retardant caused cotton to burn more rapidly than untreated fabrics. This was attributed to the fact that small add‐on of the retardant makes the fuel for the flame available at a lower temperature. However, in the presence of sufficient amounts of retardant, the decomposition of cellulose becomes more directed towards the dehydration mechanism and thus the concentration of the flammable gases is insufficient to reach the flammability limits required. When gas‐phase flame retardants were used, a linear dependency of ignition time on the concentration of additive was found. This is explained in terms of the dilution effect of this retardant on the fuel produced from the decomposi

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810160104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe post‐cooling properties of reinforced concrete constituents are of great relevance in the assessment of a structure for re‐use after fire. The expansive rehydration of dissociated calcium hydroxide on post‐cooling exposure to air can cause a total loss in strength if cement paste specimens are heated to and maintained at 400°C or above. The use of cement replacement agents can mitigate this effect. The strength and ductility of hot‐rolled mild steel and cold twisted steel on gradual cooling or quenching from various temperatures can be correlated with microstructural phenomena. There is a significant increase in strength and loss of ductility when both types of steel are quenched from temperatures above 723°C. Some practical implications of these properties are described, using examples of fire‐damaged

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810160105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany fires occur in ambient atmospheric conditions. To investigate certain types of fires, however, it is necessary to consider combustion where the oxidizer is not 21% oxygen/79% nitrogen. The Cone Calorimeter (ASTM E 1354, ISO DIS 5660) has recently become the tool of choice for studying the fire properties of products and materials. Its standard use involves burning specimens with room air being drawn in for combustion. To facilitate studying fires involving different atmospheres, a special version of the Cone Calorimeter was designed. This unit allows controlled combustion atmospheres to be created by the use of bottled or piped gases. To make such operation feasible, a large number of design details of the standard calorimeter had to be modified. This paper describes the background for these changes and provides an explanation of how the controlled‐atmospheres unit is operate

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810160106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome zinc chelates were prepared according to conventional methods, and were mixed with polypropylene in the presence and absence of a halogenated compound (Cereclor 70). The effect of these chelates on the flammability and thermal behaviour of polypropylene was studied by measuring the limiting oxygen index values and by the use of thermal analysis. This results showed that these chelates are ineffective in reducing the flammability of polypropylene but their effectiveness is enhanced to varying extents by the addition of Cereclor.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810160107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810160101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY