ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810150102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForest products comprising sawn boards of seven timber species, plywoods of three timber species, two hardboards and one particleboard have been tested to ASTM E 906—Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products. One plywood was also tested after fire‐retardant treatment by pressure impregnation. The fire‐retardant treated plywood was also tested after being overlaid with untreated face and back veneers. One sawn board product was also tested after coating with an intumescent fire retardant. The ignition times of the forest products that had not been fire‐retardant treated increased with density when exposed to heat fluxes of 20 and 40 kWm−2. The maximum rate of heat release and the cumulative heat released rose with increasing impressed heat flux over the range 20–60 kWm−2. Heat‐release properties were dependent upon the impressed heat flux. Relationships were also established between the maximum rate of heat release and the cumulative heat released for heat flux exposures of 20, 40 and 60 kWm−2. The ignition times of plywood were increased by pressure‐impregnated fire retardants. Fire‐retardant treatment by pressure impregnation prevented the ignition of a plywood and reduced its heat‐release properties. The heat‐release properties of a sawn board product were reduced by a fire

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810150103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA heat‐conduction equation with linearized radiation cooling boundary conditions is used to calculate the thermal field in a circular window pane heated by thermal radiation (fire) but screened on narrow strips along edges built into the frame. This temperature field is used to calculate a quasi‐static thermal stress field in the pane in the first‐order planar thermal stresses build up at the edges in a narrow strip of a few times the pane thickness. As the radius of the pane grows the edge stresses quickly approach those of the linear strip pane. The round window does not differ much from the strip window in the geometrical region of practical utility in windows. The results also indicate, without explicit calculations, that in rectangular windows the stresses do not concentrate in the corner regions. As the final result of the theoretical work it seems plausible to use simple, general relationships obtained for the strip window as well for all geometries deviating from linear to evaluate approximately the danger of thermal breakage of a

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810150104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors have conducted a laboratory‐scale gallery fire test on nine different rubber conveyor belts with fabric skeletons. The interior of the gallery used in this test was 2.5 m long, 0.35 m wide and 0.35 m high. The fire test on each sample was conducted in the upward airflow of the inclined gallery as well as in the horizontal one, and both 60 mm and 90 mm wide specimens, whose length was about 1.5 m, were provided for each test. The test results were compared with those from some other small‐scale flammability tests; i.e. the small‐scale flame, the oxygen index and the hot plate ignition tests. In addition, some problems in the laboratory‐scale gallery fire test were also discussed. As a result, it has been found empirically that determination of both the time to ignition and the flame‐propagation speed could be significant in case the flame propagated over the whole length of the belt specimen in the gallery, so that the fire resistance of the belt samples could be classified

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810150105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe combustion of wood and methods for the fire retardacy of wood are reviewed briefly first, and then a study on thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) of water‐insoluble retardants and wood treated with retardants is presented. In the review of the flaming combustion of wood supported by cellulose, three categories of fire‐retardant methods, namely (1) chemical modification of the wood pyrolysis, (2) inhibition of the flaming combustion in the gas phase, and (3) thermal effects to restrain the increase in the temperature of wood and assumed temperature profiles in the heated wood are described. The results of TG and DTG, discussed in terms of kinetics, indicate three kinds of action of the retardant tested: (1) acceleration of dehydration and carbonization, (2) thermal stabilization of the chemical structure of cellulose, and (3) inhibition of the flaming combustion by halogen products. In conclusion, models of fire‐retardant wood materials for interior and exterior use are proposed, which contain retardants for the dehydration and the stabilization in the outer layer and those for the inhibition in the inner layer, respect

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810150106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe fire‐retardant effectiveness of mixtures of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and artimony oxide (Sb2O3) in polyethylene (PE) was examined utilizing differential thermal analysis (DTA), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and limited oxygen index (LOI) techniques. It was determined that the normal practice of mixing Sb2O3with HBCD induced a synergistic chemical reaction at 250°C whose main product, SbBr3, was responsible for enhanced fire retardancy. The mixing of SbBr3directly into the PE produces a superior fire‐retardant polyethy

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810150107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree small‐scale flammability tests were evaluated for potential use in quality control. The small‐scale flame test produced excessive scatter of data, the hot‐plate ignition test gave reasonably reproducible data, but the critical oxygen index yielded superior results and is recommended for quality control te

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810150108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810150109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810150101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY