摘要:

AbstractA review is presented of the gaseous combustion and pyrolysis products evolved from coal, wood and PVC. Information has been collated on the range of products evolved, the temperatures of evolution and the effect of different ambient conditions (e.g. oxidizing of inert conditions). The data for coal have been subdivided into those from which rates of gas evolution have been or can be derived and those from which this is not possible. Probable decomposition routes for PVC and for wood are discussed. Although all three materials have been widely studied, the correlation between the work of different authors in not always good. The data obtained are dependent on the form of the experiment, and there are gaps in the information available, especially information on the rates of evolution of products of products as a function of temperature.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810090102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Limited    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis, using gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐linked mass spectroscopy, of the major products evolved as a function of temperature from coal, wood and PVC conveyor belting is described. The effect of these products, both collectively and as individual species, on the electrical properties of zinc oxide gas sensors has been investigated: the conductance of the sensors was measured in air containing either the total products evolved from the heated materials or the individual products eluted from a gas chromatographic column. Thus, the products from the different materials which make up the total zinc oxide gas sensor response at different material temperatures were identified. For coal dust heated in air the sensors responded to aromatic hydrocarbons H2and CO, which were evolved between 100° and 200°C. For coal heated in nitrogen the sensors responded to the aromatic hydrocarbons evolved between 100° and 170°C. For PVC conveyor belt heated in air, the low temperature response was to the low levels of HCl evolved below 200°C. Finally, for hardwood dust heated in air the sensors responded primarily to the acid vapour evolved between 170° an

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810090103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Limited    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe performance of zine oxide gas large‐scale experiments in an experimental underground mine roadway has been investigated. The sensors were in a simple prototype instrument and the response to products evolved from heated coal wood and PVC conveyor belt was determined. The response was measured as a function of sensor distancef from the combustion products, the ventilation rate in the roadway and the mass of coal dust used. Limited analuysis of the roadway air was also carried out. The results are compared with those obtained in laboratory studies1and suggest that the sensors respond mainly to inorganic gases, e.g. CO, H2, H2S, HCl, and in the case of wood, acetic vapour at concentrations of about 1ppm. The experiments confirm the potential of the sensors as a means of detecting heating involving coal, wood and PVC conveyor bel

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810090104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Limited    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSmoke‐obscuration of monochromatic (0.632μm) light helium‐neon lasers and of broad‐band continuum light a hot tungsten filament is reported. The effect of forward‐scattered light is evaluated for the monochromatic source, and the degree to which the Bouguer law is obeyed for a non‐monochromatic source is discussed. Practical experience with both small‐scall and fire experiments

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810090105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Limited    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome early stages of compartment fires were explored experimentally using small‐scale model fires. In particuylar, the flame spread on the compartment floor was investigated with various ventilation openings. The average flame‐spread rate was higher than that for the free‐burning condition (without a compartment),namely, 3.2 times at the maximum, and seems to depend only on the ventilation opening height and not on its width. Therefore it appears that the driving wind of the inflow air from the ventilation opening to the flame increase‐spread rate. These data were compared with the flame angle data by Quintiere. The gas temperature within the compartment and the ceiling surface temperature was also measured to assess the radiation effect on flame spread. However, the radiation heat flux was unexpectedl

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810090106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Limited    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of experiments for studies of flammability characteristics of upholstered furniture is presented. The series comprises 53 experiments on a reduced scale and 11 full‐scale experiments in an extensively instrumented room. Results are presented from measurements of rate of heat release and smoke production. The experiments indicate that ignitability can be considerably decreased by careful choice of the upholstery material

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810090107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Limited    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA theoretical and experimental study of ceiling flows induced by both impinging fires and weak plumes on a horizontal ceiling is presented. Measurements along a ceiling radius were made of impinging diffusion flames with heat‐release rates of 1.67 and 8.51 kW, resulting in convective and radiative ceiling‐heat fluxes, radiant heat flux to the surroundings and profiles of mean velocity, mean temperature and mean concentrations of major species. However, only ceiling heat fluxes were obtained for weak plumes of pre‐mixed flames of 0.24, 0.385 and 0.709kW. The predicted ceiling convective heat fluxes by an integral model are in good agreement with the measured values. In general, the present model also provides satisfactory predictions of flow thickness, bulk velocity, temperature and gas concentrations for both impinging fires and weak p

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810090108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Limited    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810090101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Limited    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY