摘要:

AbstractThe nature of the pyrolysis and thermoxidative decomposition products of a number of polyamides was investigated using thermogravimetry, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The degree of potential toxic effect has been assessed from qualitative evaluation of the results.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0408.1989.tb00075.x

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasured Critical Oxygen Index values at 40°C for Opal polymethylmethacrylate (Perspex) sheet have been found to be remarkably dependent on the gas velocity within the column of the Hot Flammability Test Apparatus. Investigation of the atmosphere present in the column has indicated that the effect is almost solely attributable to varying quantities of ambient air entering the column as the flow rate is altered. A modification to the apparatus is proposed that successfully prevents this entrainment of air at normal testing flow rates

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050103

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports a set of modeling studies that were undertaken to acquire a more detailed knowledge of combustion inhibition mechanisms. Mixtures of H2/O2/Ar reacting in the idealized perfectly stirred reactor were investigated. Three H2/O2kinetic mechanisms were considered, differing from one another by the number of HO2reactions included. Two physical inhibitors, Ar and N2, and one chemical inhibitor, HBr, were investigated. Additional parameters considered were pressure, equivalence ratio, inhibitor concentration and rate coefficient variation. The most effective inhibitor was HBr which acted chemically and caused substantial reduction in radical concentrations in the mixtures considered. The molecules Ar and N2acted as physical diluents with N2, the more effective of the two due to its larger heat capacity.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050104

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA test device consisting of an asbestos covered wooden cylinder was developed to study the burning behaviour of textiles relative to transmitted thermal energy and heat flux registered at 20 sensor points on the cylinder. In order to simulate a ‘line situation’ a reproducible procedure was used for igniting the fabrics at the hem edge by open flames. By linking known tolerance thresholds for second degree burn injuries in humans to the measured time patterns of transmitted thermal energy, the burning behaviour of a pure cotton twill, a 35/65% polyester‐cotton twill and a 65/35% polyester‐cotton twill was compared. All fabrics, which had no fire‐retardant finishes, were also tested in combination with cotton underwear and in some of the experiments they were soaked with an inflammable solvent before ignited. In contrast to customary opinions it could be shown that in apparel burn accidents without inflammable solvents fabrics made from polyester‐cotton blends are more advantageous with regard to the thermal energy transmitted to the skin of the wearer than fabrics made from cotton. Even when the burning clothes are soaked with an inflammable solvent, polyester‐cotton blends are practically not more disadvantageous than 100% c

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050105

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFire test methods cited in Australian regulations codes and specifications and the authorities promulgating them are reviewed. The pertinent regulations are generally drafted and administered by departments of the seven State governments, in some cases in reference to model codes developed by committees supported by the federal government to promote uniformity. The test methods, specifications and codes of practice are standardized by the Standards Association of Australia, an independent body with no statutory powers: the standards become mandatory when called up in legislation. Building materials and structures, consumer products, certain electrical components and children's nightwear are the main areas concerned with regulations that invoke fire test methods. The intent of the regulations and the test methods are discussed with particular emphasis on matters unique to Australia.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050106

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050107

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMuch has been learned about fire from laboratory studies on fire gases, but the idea of using a laboratory toxicity test to rank or rate materials with respect to fire safety has not proved to be a fruitful concept. ‘Toxicity’ standards or specifications are not an effective defense against the threat of toxic fumes in fire for reasons which are fundamental to the nature of fire itself. As a matter of public policy on materials standards, by far the best way of reducing the threat of toxic fumes and all other fire threats is by control and regulation of those materials properties or performance aspects which permit the elimination or moderation of fire. Some of the concepts discussed in this paper run counter to commonly held assumptions, and they are put forth for the purpose of stimulating open public discussion on alternative approaches to improved decision‐making in fire s

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050108

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050111

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY