摘要:

AbstractThe literature on rigid polyurethane foam has been reviewed with an emphasis on the gaseous products generated under various thermal decomposition conditions and the toxicity of those products. This review is limited to publications in English through 1984. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) were the predominant toxicants found among more than a hundred other gaseous products. The generation of CO and HCN was found to increase with increasing combustion products from various rigid polyurethane foams. Lethality, incapacitation, physiological and biochemical parameters were employ as biological end points. In general, the combustion products generated from rigid polyurethane foam in the flaming mode appear from to be more toxic than those produced in the non‐flaming mode. TheLC50values for 30‐min exposures ranged from 10 to 17 mg l−1in the flaming mode and were greater then 34 mg l−1in the non‐flaming mode. With the exception of one case, in which a reactive type phosphorus containing fire retardant was used, the addition of fire retardants to rigid polyurethane foams does not appear to generate unusual toxic combustion

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810110102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Cone Calorimeter is a new‐generation instrument developed primarily for making rate of heat release measurements. This instrument, containing a uniform and well‐characterized irradiance source, was also seen to be useful for making measurements of radiant ignition on materials. Data have now been collected for a wide range of illustrating the performance of similar materials in other apparatuses. Finally, for a selected material, Douglas fir particle board, a detailed comparison with an ignition model has been m

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810110103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis short note describes studies of the pyrolysis of methacrylonitrile over a wide range of temperatures under flowing nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. Hydrogen cyanide was not found to be a primary product, but several organic nitriles are formed which decompose at higher temperature (>1100 K) to produce hydrogen cyanide almost quantitatively.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810110104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a survey which was undertaken to ascertain those features of house design and construction which were important to the survival of house in the ‘Ash Wednesday Bushfires’ of 16 February 1983. The Otway Ranges are of Victoria was chosen and 1153 house, with varying degrees of damage, were included in the survey. Results of a preliminary analysis of data collected are given, together with observations made concerning the so‐called ‘exploding house’ phenomenon, the role of wind and the part that people played in house survival. Evidence for the ways that houses were ignited (i.e. by radiation, flame contact and wind‐blown embers) was also gathered. The importance of these ignition modes is discussed and examples given. Preliminary observations on the rebuilding process are

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810110105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810110106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810110101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY