ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010102

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe flammability and smoke generation properties of a number of organic materials used in ships, including laminated materials, rigid and flexible cellular polymers, cable insulting materials and adhesives, have been evaluated. The relative flammabilities were determined by the limiting oxygen index method that gives convenient, reproducible, numerical ratings of materials. Smoke generation was assessed photometrically by measuring light attenuation under standard conditions and is reported in terms of the total amount of smoke generated, as well as the times for the smoke density to reach an arbitrary ‘critical’ level and the maximum value. Materials with low flammability and low smoke generation characteristics have been identified, as well as those that would be hazardous in the event of a f

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010103

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA review is presented of the nature of the potential heat test method. It is emphasized that the procedure usually yields a property‐type measurement of the material or composite when applied. As a result, care must be taken to insure that necessary supplementary tests are performed by other methods to guarantee that a substantial fraction of the possible fire hazard has been considered. Suggestions for appropriate use of the procedure are included and information available on the precision of the procedure is reviewed. It is concluded that, when properly applied, the procedure can serve well as one of the tools for characterizing possible fire hazards. Suggestions are made for possible future development of the procedure to yield information on rate of heat releas

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010104

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the background information which led to the development of a technique specifically designed to test the flammability performance of coatings applied to metal substrates. Design parameters for the new test are discussed and the prototype apparatus is described in detail. The mode of operation is explained and some results are tabulated for a range of typical coating materials. Conclusions based on the behaviour of the coatings tested are drawn in the text. These conclusions are, however, biased towards the Naval environment and application, and may not be universally applicable. The main implications of this work so far are that it is possible to improve the performance of existing fire retardant paint systems by: (1) ensuring that only the minimum thickness is applied to non‐flammable substrates; (2) that adequate time is allowed for solvent elimination before deliberate exposure to risk; (3) using a white coating if possible; (4) increasing the durability of the coating to reduce the need for cosmetic overcoating, (i.e. re‐coating purely to improve appearance), e.g. by using a thermosetting resinous binder in place of the conventionally used alkyd re

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010105

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe course of pyrolysis, thermooxidation, flame combustion and glowing combustion has been observed with differently treated cellulose samples by means of thermoanalytical methods. The impregnation of cellulose materials by inorganic salts produces a less combustible material, less stable at relatively low temperatures, yet giving more of the solid residue resistant to pyrolysis and combustion processes. The more thermally stable cellulose derivatives, but with insufficient resistance to flame and particularly glowing combustion, have been obtained by cyanoethylation and grafting of acrylonitrile on to cellulose.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010106

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn apparatus based on the BS 476 Part 7 small scale flame‐spread specification, which has evolved over a number of years, is described. Many changes from the original simple gas/air furnace have been introduced, which have led to the development of a very useful flame‐spread test apparatus where all known variables are precisely controlled. The work has shown that the radiometers described in the standard do not monitor all the variables which affect flame‐spread results, and reported problems of reproducibility and variation on the large scale test, may be due to inadequate control of the furnace. The significance of the results is that the use of gas/air radian panels as the basis for flame‐spread tests needs to be re‐examined. All parameters should be carefully controlled and the entire procedure, particularly regarding the use of pilot ignition sources, needs to be reconsidered. There is an increasing need for test methods which assess materials at radiation intensities beyond that given by small ignition sources. The type of flame‐spread apparatus described in the paper may help fulfil this important

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010107

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper present observations on the toxicity of gases produced by materials under three different combustion conditions. The difficulty of the general problem of toxicity is emphasized and the impossibility—at the present stage in the research—of satisfying the increasing pressure to establish toxicity safety regulations is sta

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010108

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractQuantitative pyrolysis gas chromatography studies have been conducted on three grades of cross‐linked polyester resin formulated for improved resistance to surface spread of flame. Pyrolysis temperatures from 723 to 1273 K were used, and these values correspond to ‘surface’ temperatures of materials exposed to heat fluxed of 15–149 kW m–2which are typical of conditions experienced in real fires. Comparison is made with earlier macro studies on the evolution of smoke from plastics materials exposed to similar heat fluxes under an inert atmosphere. There is some correlation between the smoke obscuration data obtained in previous macro studies and the yield of volatile aromatic products evolved on pyrolysis. The presence of flame retardants increases the formation of carbon in the pyrolysis residue and decreases the yield of volatile aromatic products isolated. The results are considered in the context of mechanisms of smoke

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010109

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010110

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810010112

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY