ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fuchs' dystrophy is an inherited disorder of unknown etiology in which the corneal endothelial cells develop morphologic and functional abnormalities. Clinically, the disease progresses slowly over a period of 20 or more years from asymptomatic cornea guttata to corneal edema with decreased vision and pain. Pathologic studies suggest abnormalities in endothelial function occurring early in life, although symptoms usually do not appear until middle age. The definitive treatment for Fuchs' dystrophy is penetrating keratoplasty. Recent findings regarding the pathophysiology of the disease have increased our understanding of it and have suggested areas for future research.

ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Newer biochemical, immunohistochemical, and cell culture techniques have been used to investigate metabolic abnormalities in corneal stromal dystrophies. Organ cultures of macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) have shown a defect in the synthesis of keratan sulphate proteoglycan. Alterations in corneal stromal glycoconjugates have also been detected using biotinylated lectins. An absence of normal keratan sulphate proteoglycan has been shown in the blood of patients with MCD. Granular corneal dystrophy (GCD) is associated with increased phospholipid, as shown by biochemical analysis and staining with Luxol-fast blue. Immunohistochemical stains revealed reactivity with antibodies against microfibrillar protein at the edges of the deposits. Clinically, recently described early features of lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) include discrete ovoid subepithelial opacities, a diffuse central anterior stromal haze, and anterior stromal dots and filamentary lines. Early clinical recognition of these corneal genetic disorders, with appropriate studies to define their nature and possible pathogenetic mechanisms, are important in expanding our knowledge of this disease spectrum.

ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Corneal Modeling System is presented as an integrated instrument system designed to give the corneal surgeon the capability of measuring and designing alterations of corneal shape that are comparable to the computer-aided design (CAD) capability used in aerospace design and other industries. The system provides realtime digital video image acquisition using a high-resolution, cylindrical photokeratoscope and scanning laser slit lamp. From these digitized images, the system's computer derives topographic and pachymetric information in sufficient density to produce a continous mathematical function that represents both the front and the back surface of the cornea. The mathematical model may then be sampled in as many points as the clinical application requires, in the form of either computer graphics or a numerical data stream to control precision machinery to make contact lenses or tissue lenses. Representative computer graphics of normal and pathologic corneal conditions are presented.

ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent advances in immunologic technology are making the rapid diagnosis of viral infections of the ocular surface possible. The prompt use of these diagnostic techniques can directly influence therapeutic decision making, such as the use of antiviral drugs and steroids. In this article, existing methods of sampling the ocular surface are discussed, and the yield of infectious virus and viral antigens from various sites on the ocular surface is reviewed. The immunologic principles underlying radio-immunoassays, enzyme immunoassays, and a variety of immunocytologic methods are outlined, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each immunologic technique. In addition to reviewing the methods for detecting viral antigens on the ocular surface, the value of assessing antiviral antibodies in the tear film, as well as prospects for future diagnostic techniques, are discussed.

ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The deposition of γ-globulin within the corneas of patients with raised levels of a specific immunoglobulin fraction has been recognised, albeit rarely, for several years. Two further instances, one concerning a man with a lymphoma of low-grade malignancy and the other a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, are presented. From a study of these patients and review of other reported cases it appears that although the morphology of the deposits can vary from case to case, the common denominator of the paracrystalline deposits is banding at ∼10-nm intervals. IgGK is the most frequently reported immunoglobulin fraction associated with intracorneal deposition.

ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus include pseudodendritic keratitis, late mucous adherent keratopathy, varied forms of stromal keratitis, and expo-sure/neurotrophic keratopathy. Prophylactic therapy of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus with oral acyclovir is of proven benefit in reducing the incidence of early pseudodendritic keratopathy and stromal keratitis but has no evident effect on exposure/neurotrophic keratopathy. Although early pseudodendritic keratitis is due to virus infection of epithelial cells, it is self-limited and does not require topical antiviral therapy. Stromal keratitis and associated epithelial mucous adherent keratopathy are responsive to topical corticosteroids but chronic therapy is often required and may prolong the duration of keratitis and result in cataract or secondary glaucoma. Exposure and neurotrophic keratopathy may respond to topical lubricants and correction of lid abnormalities but severely affected corneas may require tarsorrhaphy or conjuctival flap to maintain corneal integrity.

ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two patients developed graft versus host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. One patient developed acute GvHD 12 days after transplantation, and the second developed chronic GvHD 100 days after transplantation. Tear analysis and conjunctival impression cytology were performed. The results were compared to a normal control and to another patient who was 18 months status post bone marrow transplantation with successfully treated GvHD. Tear sampling on the patient with chronic GvHD revealed greatly elevated IgG levels with an inverse IgG to IgA ratio, as compared with normals. In addition, two of three leukemia patients demonstrated decreased mucin levels in tears. Conjunctival impression cytology from the patient with chronic GvHD revealed an abundance of plasma cells.

ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Severe congenital corneal clouding may be associated with abnormal anterior segment development (dys-genesis). Often, congenital corneal opacities preclude visualization of intraocular anatomy. In this report, five eyes of four patients with congenital corneal clouding and lens-corneal adhesion (LCA) are described. All had a ring- or doughnut-shaped haze within the stroma surrounding a central clear corneal zone delineating the adhesion. Recognition of LCA is pivotal in planning surgical therapy for eyes with congenital corneal clouding. As a clue to recognition of this anomaly, the ring-shaped stromal opacity may aid in diagnosis of this phenomenon and in avoidance of surgical complications.

ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reports intraocular pressure findings in 676 eyes that received penetrating keratoplasties. There were four groups: 1. keratoconus without preoperative glaucoma (75 cases); 2. Fuchs' dystrophy and cataract (triple procedure) without glaucoma (260 cases); 3. aphakic eyes with or without intraocular lenses (204 cases); and 4. pseudophakic eyes with or without intraocular lens removal (137 cases). The last two groups had a significant number of glaucoma cases. All were controlled before surgery. There were no early or late glaucoma cases in the first group. A few cases with triple procedures had mild early intraocular pressure elevation. Thirty percent of aphakic eyes and 52% of pseudophakic eyes had early glaucoma. Twenty percent and 25% of these two groups had persistent glaucoma. Preoperative glaucoma eyes were included in these long-standing glaucoma cases.

ISSN:0277-3740    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID