摘要:

A simple means of functional classification of the individual patient has been devised. The performance of a forced flow-volume manoeuvre in concert with a single-breath nitrogen washout procedure in 54 comprehensively investigated patients with chronic airflow limitation yielded two parameters which could be employed in classification. A normalized alveolar nitrogen slope (FEV1/FVC · ΔN2%) greater than 4.0% per litre clearly delineated emphysema. The peak flow ratio (PEFR/PIFR%) categorized other subgroupings: a value in excess of 100% strongly suggests primary bronchial disease, while a lower value almost certainly indicates a mixed functional disord

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194521

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 12 reference subjects and 23 asthmatic patients under clinical and functional remission, dose-response curves following inhalation of nebulized carbachol solution were performed. Response was assessed both in terms of SRaw and SGaw and the best fitting mathematical function (linear, exponential, polynomial and logarithmic) was looked for. Discriminating power and day-to-day reproducibility were better when using SGaw, independently from the fitted model. For the sake of simplicity, therefore, the linear or exponential treatment of indices seem preferable.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194522

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of β-adrenergic blockade on ventilatory parameters and on subjective complaints was studied in 73 patients suffering from hyperventilation syndrome. The β-blockade made the PA,co2 increase as much as tranquillizer therapy. No effect of any kind of therapy was found on the subjective complaints. A remarkable dissociation was found between the measured ventilatory parameters and the quantified subjective complaints. It is concluded that β-blockade is an effective therapy for the basic problem of hypocapnia in the hyperventilation syndrome; in this respect it is to be preferred over other therapies such as tranquilliz

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194523

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the effect of helium (He) on ventilatory (VI) responses to progressive isocapnic hypoxia. Accordingly, in normal male subjects (age 23–46), we compared hypoxic rebreathes using He as a carrier gas with those utilizing nitrogen (N2) as acarrier gas. When alveolar CO2 tension (PACO2) was maintained at 40 mm Hg, we noted no difference in VI.responses to hypoxia between N2 and He trials. In contrast, when PACO2 was maintained at 50 mm Hg, VI responses to hypoxia during the He trials wereconsistently greater than those noted during the N2 experiments. These results indicate that substitution of He for N2 does not augment Vt. responses to normocapnic hypoxia; however, this substitution does enhance VI responses to hypercapnic hypox

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194524

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The packed cell volume was higher and the increase in systolic pressure in the right ventricle, as an indication of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery, was smaller in female rats previously exposed for 4 weeks to normobaric hypercapnic hypoxia, as compared to males treated in the same way. Gonadectomy performed in male rats either on the first day of life or after maturation did not have a significant influence on circulatory reaction to chronic normobaric hypoxia. Female rats in permanent estrus and those with ovariectomy had larger posthypoxic hypertrophy of the right ventricle as indicated by higher values for right/left ventricular weight ratio and relative weight of the right ventricle, than untreated controls

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194525

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The finding of a rise in VD/VT or failure of VD/VT to fall during exercise has been proposed as a useful noninvasive indicator of pulmonary vaso-occlusive disease in patients with unexplained dyspnea. However, we previously reported a normal fall in VD/VT during exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension at rest and/or during exercise due to collagen vascular disease. To investigate further the relationship between pulmonary vascular abnormalities and VD/VT responses to exercise, we studied 4 subjects with severe hypoxemia due to cirrhosis or diffuse telangiectasia. We found an abnormal VD/VT response to exercise in these subjects despite normal pulmonary hemodynamics which effectively excluded hemodynamically significant pulmonary vascular obstruction. These findings provide further support for the lack of utility of the VD/VT measurement at rest and during exercise as a screening method for detecting pulmonary vaso-occlusive disease, since the VD/VT cannot only fall appropriately during exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension but can also remain unchanged or rise during exercise in patients with normal pulmonary hemodynamics

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194526

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pulmonary examinations (i.e. clinical, functional and radiological) were conducted on 76 arc welders from an industrial vehicle production plant and on 74 ‘controls’ from the same plant. Arc welders were exposed for an average of 11 years to welding gases and fumes; controls were not welders and were not exposed to any identifiable professional risk of pulmonary disease. There is no significant difference between these two groups concerning clinical, functional and radiological findings; but the prevalence of pulmonary abnormalities (whatever their type or their intensity) is high in the two groups (60%). This survey does not show any particular risk of pulmonary disease among the arc welders working in this plant. However, complementary studies in other industrial areas are required to investigate possible risks due to other arc-welding processes and other working condit

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194527

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We reviewed autopsy records from 20 patients with long-standing spinal cord injury and chronic renal failure. Only 1 patient had normal pulmonary findings at autopsy. Acute and chronic pulmonary diseases were found in 16/20 and 17/20 patients, respectively. Pneumonia and fluid overload were the most common acute diseases. Interstitial and pleural fibrosis were the most common chronic diseases. However, a variety of illnesses including pulmonary amyloidosis, calcification, and arteriosclerosis were also found. Arterial blood gas studies indicated a high prevalence of hypoxemia. We concluded that significant pulmonary abnormalities are present in almost all spinal cord injury-chronic renal failure patients

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194528

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The adsorption rate of natural surfactant lipids was studied with a surface balance at 37 °C, with particular reference to the influence of various bulk-phase concentrations and to the presence of CaCl2. On a hypophase of 0.9% NaCl, natural surfactant had rapid adsorption (1–5 s) in concentrations ≥ 0.5 mg/ml, whereas lipids extracted from the same surfactant showed a comparable adsorption rate only in concentrations ≥ 3.5 mg/ml. This indicates that natural surfactant contains some not yet identified nonlipid component enhancing the adsorption rate. On a hypophase of 0.9% NaCl +0.05% CaCl2, the adsorption rate of extracted surfactant lipids was similar to that of natural surfactant on 0.9% NaCl. The concentration of surfactant phospholipids in fetal pulmonary fluid at term is about 0.6 mg/ml; our data suggest that at this concentration the adsorption of natural surfactant does not require the presence of bivalent cations to spread effectively in an air-liquid in

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194529

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Experimental and clinical evidence has suggested that vasoconstrictor substances released from activated platelets could play a role in mediating the pulmonary hypertension of hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In order to extend previous knowledge on platelet function in such patients, platelet production of malondialdehyde and plasma levels of β-thromboglobulin were assayed in 12 patients before and after a short-term treatment with the platelet-inhibiting drug, dipyridamole. The impairment of platelet malondialdehyde generation concomitant with the increase of plasma levels of β-thromboglobulin suggests that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, blood platelets undergo chronic overstimulation and become exhausted. Dipyridamole can antagonize this platelet activation and thus may prove useful in reducing the pulmonary hypertension of these patient

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194530

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger