摘要:

Pulmonary function and oxygen transfer was studied in five patients with cirrhosis of the liver and different degrees of portasystemic encephalopathy. Four patients were restudied after a change in CNS function. The contribution of various parameters of pulmonary gas exchange to the unsaturation found was evaluated employing the graphic analysis described by King and Briscoe. The following results were obtained: (1) there was no inequality of ventilation as judged by a nitrogen washout study; (2) a large true venous admixture was found in all patients; (3) in four patients studied twice venous admixture was larger when mean EEG frequency was lower; (4) besides the true venous admixture a low overall D/Q ratio was an important factor contributing to unsaturation in most cases; (5) in some cases a decreased overall V/Q ratio contributed to the unsaturation. This decreased V/Q ratio appeared to be due to an increase in pulmonary perfusion without a concomitant rise in ventilation. Changes in pulmonary perfusion pathways are suggested as the most likely cause of the defect in oxygen transfer found in patients with cirrhosis.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193632

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 5 patients with liver cirrhosis the measured pulmonary diffusing capacity for oxygen (DLO2) was related to the diffusing capacity of the pulmonary membrane (DM) and to the volume of blood in the pulmonary capillary bed (Vc) as estimated from the measured pulmonary blood flow (Qc) and the value of the presumptive transit time. DL and DM were found to be diminished in 4 of the 5 cases, DM being only once 1,7 times greater than DL. The relationship between the resistance of the red blood cells to diffusion and the resistance of the pulmonary membrane to diffusion (1/ΘVC/1/DM)ranged between 5 and 35 % indicating that the resistance of the pulmonary membrane to the uptake of O2 was of greater importance than the resistance of the red cells. A correlation was found to exist between D/Q and DM/ΘVc (diffusing capacity/blood flow and membrane diffusing capacity/diffusing capacity of the red cells in the pulmonary capillary bed). The possible site and nature of the diffusion defect is discusse

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193633

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relative responsitivy of nine expirographic and airway indices to antitussive therapy was studied in a randomized double-blind trial in which 60 adults without bronchopulmonary disorders, but suffering from common colds, were given oral doses of five drug formulations placebo during their initial 48 h of symptoms. Thoracic gas volume (Vtg), nasal (Rn), lower (Ra), total ([Rn + Ra]) and specific (sRa) airway resistances were determined plethysmographically; forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume for the first second (FEV1.0) and maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEFR) were recorded spirometrically. Cough pressure at peak flow furnished an index of cough (CI). The measurements were made at baseline and for 4 h after drug; medication was continued for two additional doses and the indices determined again the following morning. Abnormal control means were noted for Rn and [Rn + Ra] (90.8%), cough resistance (83.3%), MMEFR (58.3%), Ra and sRa (30.0%), but less often for FEV1.0, Vtg and FVC (6.6, 5.1 and 0.0%, respectively). Nasal and total airways flow resistance means were as sensitive to active therapy and in discriminating the relative worth of medication as direct CI values, Ra and sRa were less reliable, and the three spirometric functions were the least responsive. This ranking was consistent with the common central airways location of subepithelial receptors responsible for cough and the associated reflex bronchoconstriction. The greatest changes in cough resistance followed treatment with the most significant activity in the nasal, as well as the lower tract, component of total airway resistance.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193634

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Perfusion and ventilation lung scintigraphy are indicated: (1) for evaluating regional perfusion and ventilation, (2) for establishing a ratio between ventilation and perfusion in different areas of the lung, (3) when chest surgery is planned (especially for mapping out the extent of resection), (4) when surgery of the upper abdomen is to be performed, and (5) when global function studies are compromised. Regional ventilation and perfusion studies are invaluable in the diagnosis of pulmcnary thromboembolism in which a perfusion defect is accompanied by well-preserved ventilation in the underperfused area. Regional function tests are indicated for evaluating the distribution of ventilation and pulmonary circulation in practically any chronic pulmonary disease, especially when global function studies, such as spirometry, show significant decreases.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193635

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty patients with bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled acetylcholine were treated with Sch 1000 and Berotec® comparatively. From the mean value diagrams a faster, stronger and more constant decrease of bronchial resistance due to Berotec® inhalation can be recognized. The effect, however, is called in question by contrasting diagrams of single case

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193636

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 6-month study with crossover at 3 months was designed to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of transcendental meditation upon bronchial asthma. 21 patients kept daily diaries of symptoms and medications and answered questionnaires at the end of the study and 6 months later. Other measurements included physician evaluation, pulmonary function testing, and galvanic skin resistance. The results indicated that transcendental meditation is a useful adjunct intreating asthma.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193637

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of oxides of nitrogen inhalation are reported in a 21-year-old garexposed to silage gas. Initial nausea, cough and fever remitted, but respiratory failure developed 3 weeks later. Roentgenograms and lung function studies revealed pulmonary in the adult edema, volume restriction, and severely impaired gas exchange. Needle biopsy showed a nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. With steroid therapy all functional parameters except diffusing capacity returned to normal. Failure to inquire about non-occupational activities led to delayed diagnosis. A brief review of toxic effects of nitrogen oxides is presented.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193638

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger