摘要:

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of viral respiratory infection with bronchial hyperreactivity and bronchial obstruction. A viral infection using a live attenuated influenza virus was induced successfully in 10 of 30 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in 3 subjects without COPD (non-COPD). No significant change in bronchial reactivity and lung function could be found in comparison with the baseline values.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194852

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In vitro evidence suggests that physiological effects of marihuana may be mediated by prostaglandins via the stimulation of phospholipase A2. To verify if marihuana could act by this route in vivo, we tested the effects of acetylsalicylic and mefenamic acids, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, on marihuana-induced bronchodilation and tachycardia. In 11 healthy volunteers, marihuana smoking (7mg/kg, 1.7% Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) produced a significant increase in specific airway conductance (from 0.26210.033 to 0.360 ± 0.050 s-1 × cm H2O-1, mean ± SE, p < 0.01), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (4.02 ± 0.22–4.27 ± 0.25 liter, p < 0.05) and heart rate (73.2 ± 2.0–108.5 ± 5.2 beats/min, p < 0.001). In a second session, acetylsalicylic or mefenamic acid was taken for 30 h before marihuana smoking. No inhibition of marihuana-induced increase of specific airway conductance, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and heart rate was found. These findings suggest that the bronchodilation and the tachycardia induced by marihuana smoking in humans are not mediated by pro

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194853

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the volume of trapped gas (VTG), using a nitrogen washout method, before and after bronchodilation in four groups with theoretically increasing risk of developing pulmonary emphysema: (1) nonsmoking healthy controls (PiMn), (2) nonsmoking subjects with an intermediate alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiMZn), (3) smoking subjects with normal concentration of alpha1-antitrypsin, and (4) smoking PiMZ subjects. VTG was the only lung function variable that showed a significant difference between PiMZn and PiMn subjects but only after bronchodilation. Some conventional lung function tests also distinguished smokers from nonsmokers of both genotypes but VTG was the most sensitive test. VTG decreased after salbutamol inhalation in the control group but showed a consecutively larger increase with more risk factors of developing emphysema. An increase in VTG after bronchodilation may be a sign of alveolar abnormality preceding development of clinical lung emphysema.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194854

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied 67 healthy males aged 20–30 years, 29 of them non-smokers and 38 smokers. In smokers, forced expiratory volume (FEV), 1 s forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and peak flow (PF) were significantly lower than in non-smokers, while the FEV1/FEV ratio, flows and mean transit time (MTT) compared well. MTT appeared directly related to age and negatively to FEV1/FEV, with no difference between the two groups, but MTT was directly related to FEV in non-smokers and negatively in smokers. Multiple regression analysis, MTT=a+b(FEV)+c(age), showed that parameters b and c were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers and, in the former, parameter b was negative. In non-smokers the effects of age and FEV on MTT were roughly the same, but in smokers MTT was influenced above all by age, probably because MTT measured the effects of continued smokin

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194855

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mammalian lungs have been shown to store and to inactivate serotonin by an active process involving uptake and metabolism. Serotonin has direct action on lung including constrictor effects of pulmonary vascular and tracheobronchial smooth muscle suggesting the presence of serotonin receptors in lung. We have identified several serotonin binding receptors in rat lung. Two separate binding sites are present in a purified mitochondrial fraction. Saturation analysis of (3H)-serotonin binding to outer mitochondrial membranes exhibits temperature-dependent association kinetics and demonstrates a single, high affinity, high capacity binding (dissociation constant = 8.3 ± 1.2 nM, maximum binding capacity = 0.819 ± 0.046 pmol/mg protein). The dissociation constant of inner mitochondrial membrane demonstrates a low affinity, low capacity site (dissociation constant = 25.2 +2.2 nM, maximum binding capacity = 0.453 ± 0.037 pmol/mg protein). The purified microsomal fraction of lung exhibits a moderate affinity, high capacity binding site for (3H)-serotonin (dissociation constant = 14.8 ± 1.6 nM, maximum binding capacity = 0.760 ± 0.03 pmol/mg protein). In addition to the lung being the major site for its inactivation, the presence of several specific serotonin receptors may be related to some of the known serotonin actions in lung and may suggest other unknown actions of this a

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194856

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 303 subjects, amongst whom 250 patients suspected of suffering from the hyperventilation syndrome, lung functions were measured, a hyperventilation provocation test was performed and a questionnaire was taken. The subjects were subdivided into categories of nonhyperventilators, and 3 categories of hyperventilators, on the basis of objective measurable lung function parameters and the result of the provocation test. The outcome of the questionnaire in the various categories was evaluated. Some subjective complaints were related to age, sex, PaCO2, and lung function of the subjects. There was no clear correlation between PaCO2 and neurological signs. Hypoventilation after the provocation test occurred in only 5 subjects. No indications were found that hyperventilation might be an early sign of chronic obstructive lung disease.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194857

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The precise immunopathological mechanism of extrinsic allergic alveolitis explaining the clinical picture as well as the pathological findings is not known. Bronchoalveolar lavage can be a diagnostic help and a method to unravel the pathophysiology of this disease. In the acute stage of extrinsic allergic alveolitis or within 24 h after antigen exposure an increase in the number of neutrophils is seen. After the acute stage, the number of lymphocytes is even higher than in sarcoidosis. In extrinsic allergic alveolitis as well as in sarcoidosis these lymphocytes are mainly T lymphocytes. However, the distribution of OKT 4 and OKT 8 positive lymphocytes was clearly different in both diseases. In sarcoidosis OKT 4 lymphocytes predominate (OKT 4/8 = 7.8) while in extrinsic allergic alveolitis an increase of both OKT 4 and OKT 8 lymphocytes has been found (OKT 4/8 = 1.5). Whether a type III Arthus reaction or a type IV delayed hypersensitivity with an early component is involved, is discussed.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194858

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The validity of the single breath helium dilution method for accurate measurement of the total lung capacity (TLC) was investigated. Comparison was made with the multiple breath nitrogen equilibration technique in 22 normal subjects and 37 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The single breath method underestimated the TLC in all the normal individuals and 33 of 37 patients with COPD. Possible explanations for the falsely low lung volumes include uneven distribution of inspired air due to closing volumes and induced bronchoconstriction.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194859

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Paraffin-embedded specimens from a total of 94 small-cell carcinomas of the lung (SCCL) were screened for immunoreactivity to nine different peptide hormones (ACTH, calcitonin, gastrin, glucagon, growth hormone, human chorion gonadotropin, insulin, somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP) using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique with commercially available kits. Special attention was focused on the prognostic significance of the peptide immunoreactivity. A total of 32 carcinomas (34%) showed immunoreactivity to one or more peptide hormones, the cases with ACTH reactivity (24.5%) far outnumbering those with reactivity to calcitonin (1.1 %), somatostatin (1.1 %), VIP (3.3%) or multiple peptides (4.3%). The mean survival of the patients was 8.4 months, being shorter (7.3 months) for the SCCLs with peptide reactivity than for the nonreactive carcinomas (9.2 months). The most favorable survival was found in VIP-reactive tumors (20.5 months), and the worst (2.0 months) in cases reactive to multiple peptides. The results suggest that immunohistochemical screening of the SCCL biopsies for the peptide hormones might be of benefit in predicting the clinical outcome of the disease.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194860

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of prolonged dietary vanadate administration on pulmonary hemodynamics was investigated. Rats treated with vanadate for 2 months developed pulmonary hypertension, as indicated by significantly (p < 0.001) higher mean and systolic right ventricular pressure. Cardiac output was not affected by vanadate administration, while the calculated pulmonary vascular resistance was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in rats treated with vanadium. Right ventricular hypertrophy was also noted in vanadium-treated animals. Vanadium treatment did not significantly affect systemic circulation. The results indicate that vanadium administration induces pulmonary hypertension.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194861

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger